U.S. FWS
Environmental Conservation Online System
Conserving the Nature of America

Recovery Plan Action Status

Plan Name: Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants
Plan Status: Final
Plan Date: 10-Jul-99
Lead Agency: USFWS
Lead Office: Pacific Islands Fish And Wildlife Office ( (808) 792-9400 )
Species Action Priority # Action # Action Description Action Status Est. Initiation Date Est. Completion Date Responsible Parties Work Type Labor Type Action Comments Implementation Activities
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 11 Identify and map all extant wild populations. Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service Research: Population Surveys Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance This is an ongoing action, as the status of the species and their threats change constantly. NOTE: The tasks in this plan only cover the 26 species in the original Multi-island plan.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 12 Delineate management units Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii Management: Planning Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Administrative This task has been intiated through the development of essential plant habitat by the HPPRCC and CH designations, but needs to be refined for each species and its full recovery needs.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 13 Ensure long-term protection of habitat Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners Acquisition: Lease, Acquisition: Easement, Acquisition: Management Agreement, Acquisition: Fee Title Species Expert, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Administrative This task is complete for DOFAW's Kamakou Preserve, Moomomi Preserve, DOFAW's Honouliuli Preserve; watershed partnerships for Kauai, West Maui Mountains, East Maui, Leeward Haleakala, East Molokai; DLNR's Kahaualea Natural Area Reserve, Manuka Natural Area Reserve, Puu Waawaa Sanctuary, Pahole Natural Area Reserve, Mt. Kaala Natural Area Reserve, Kaena Natural Area Reserve; FWS MOU with Castle and Cooke for Lanaihale; DOD Pohakuloa, Makua and Koolau lands; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands NWR; Waihee Dunes Coastal Land Trust; Kahoolawe Island Restoration Commission.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum) 1 1411 Construct and maintain fencing, wherever possible Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control Volunteer, Contract, Internal Field Assistance Fencing is complete for Haleakala National Park, Kamakou Preserve, Waikamoi Preserve, and is partially complete for East Molokai, East Maui, and West Maui watershed partnerships; Pahole Natural Area Reserve.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum) 1 1412 Evaluate the potential for eradication programs for control of ungulates Discontinued FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Private landowners Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Administrative This task has been discontinued because the political climate in Hawaii at this time will not support island-wide eradication of nonnative ungulates, which are hunted for food.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 142 Conduct alien plant control Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control Volunteer, Contract, Internal Field Assistance Control of alien plants is an ongoing task that may be reduced to low maintenance and monitoring levels, but will never be completely eradicated, especially as new pest plant species are continually introduced to Hawaii and can become established in natural areas. Effective control methods are continually being developed by the Invasive Species Committees on each island and the results are applied to other natural areas.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 143 Provide necessary fire protection Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance Fire management plans are in place for Puu Waawaa Sanctuary and DOD lands at Makua and Pohakuloa.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 145 Propagate and maintain genetic stock of each taxon ex situ Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Botanical Gardens, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service Management: Propagation Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance The existing ex situ collections are not genetically adequate with the exception of Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana - Lyon Arboretum mocropropagation lab has all existing clones for this taxa
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 146 Ensure availability of pollination vectors Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service Management: Other Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance For most species in this recovery plan, the pollinator still needs to be determined.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 1 149 Control all other identified threats Not Started Private landowners, National Park Service, U.S. Department of Defense, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division Management: Predator and Competitor Control Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance Control of slugs and snails has been identified as a threat to recruitment of Cyanea ssp and research is ongoing for effective control methods. This task has not started for all species because additional threats have not been identified.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 21 Select populations for expansion Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Private landowners Management: Reintroduction Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance This task is limited based on the material available in ex situ collections.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 22 Prepare sites and plants Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Private landowners Management: Reintroduction, Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control, Management: Planning, Research: Habitat Status, Research: Habitat Requirements Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance This task is limited based on the material available in ex situ collections.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 31 Collect diagnostic data on crucial associated ecosystem components Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Research: Habitat Requirements Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance Critical habitat, and the suitable habitat from which critical habitat was derived, has been identified for all species in this recovery plan. Additional studies are needed to develop more precise microclimate needs for each species.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 32 Map alien vegetation Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Research: Habitat Status Graduate Student, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance This task is being conducted for select incipient alien species by the vaious island based Invasive Species Committees and BRD's Hawaii Ecosystems at Risk, but a more concerted effort is needed.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 33 Study various aspects of growth Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Research: Demographic Studies, Research: Genetics Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys, and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand this aspect of the species.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 34 Study reproductive viability Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Research: Genetics Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys, and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand this aspect of the species.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 35 Determine parameters of viable populations Not Started U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Other: Regulations, Research: Population Surveys, Research: Habitat Status, Research: Habitat Requirements, Research: Demographic Studies, Research: Predation, Research: Competition, Research: Genetics Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 37 Identify and test potential biocontrol agents for host specificity and eficacy of control Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 Hawaii Department of Agriculture Research: Management Techniques Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance Some testing has occurred for control of members of the Melastomataceae and for Christmas berry, but the biocontrol agents tested to date are not very effective.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 2 38 Evaluate results reserach and use in future management Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Research: Management Techniques, Research: Predation, Research: Competition Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 3 4 Develop and implement long-term monitoring programs for all species Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Botanical Gardens, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service Research: Population Surveys, Research: Demographic Studies Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens) 3 51 Investigate feasibility and desirability of reintroduction Ongoing Not Current Prior to FY 1995 U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division Management: Reintroduction, Management: Planning Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance This task is considered for any species with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the wild. The Oahu and Maui Nui GSN programs look for reintroduction sites to conduct small-scale management and reintroduction for such species on Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Oahu.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 3 52 Develop and implement specific plans for reestablishment Ongoing Not Current FY 1995 - FY 1999 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Private landowners Management: Reintroduction, Management: Planning Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance Reintroduction is occurring for some species in this recovery plan, but detailed reintroduction plans have not been developed.
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 3 61 Determine number of populations and individuals needed for long-term survival Not Started FY 2011 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Other: Regulations, Research: Population Surveys, Research: Habitat Requirements, Research: Management Techniques, Research: Demographic Studies, Research: Predation, Research: Competition, Research: Genetics Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance
`Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana), Asplenium-leaved diellia (Diellia erecta), Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium), Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium), Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides), Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana), Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides), Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps), Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense), Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea), (=Native yellow hibiscus) ma`o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei), No common name (Achyranthes mutica), No common name (Bonamia menziesii), No common name (Mariscus pennatiformis), No common name (Neraudia sericea), No common name (Phyllostegia parviflora), No common name (Platanthera holochila), No common name (Sanicula purpurea), No common name (Schiedea hookeri), No common name (Schiedea nuttallii), No common name (Spermolepis hawaiiensis), No common name (Vigna o-wahuensis), Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa), Pendant kihi fern (Adenophorus periens), Popolo ku mai (Solanum incompletum), Pu`uka`a (Cyperus trachysanthos) 3 62 Refine/revise downlisting and delisting criteria Not Started FY 2011 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Other: Regulations, Research: Population Surveys, Research: Habitat Status, Research: Habitat Requirements, Research: Management Techniques, Research: Demographic Studies, Research: Predation, Research: Competition, Research: Genetics Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance
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