Species Profile for No common name(Viola oahuensis)

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No common name (Viola oahuensis)

Taxonomy:

View taxonomy in ITIS

Listing Status: Endangered

Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND

General Information

Viola oahuensis, a member of the violet family (Violaceae), is usually an erect, unbranched subshrub 6 to 40 cm (2.4 to 16 in) tall. The papery-textured leaves are usually 3 to 12 cm (1.2 to 4.7 in) long, 2.5 to 5.8 cm (1 to 2.3 in) wide, and elliptic-egg-shaped to elliptic. The leaf stalks are typically 0.5 to 1 cm (0.2 to 0.4 in) long. The narrowly triangular stipules are usually 10 to 15 mm (0.4 to 0.6 in) long, 3.5 to 6 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) wide, and have fringed edges. One to two flowers are borne on stalks typically 25 to 60 mm (1 to 2.4 in) long. The petals are pale yellow, the upper ones 8 to 13 mm (0.3 to 0.5 in) long, the lateral ones 10 to 13.5 mm (0.4 to 0.5 in) long, and the lower one 12 to 16 mm (0.5 to 0.6 in) long. The capsules are 9 to 16 mm (0.4 to 0.6 in) long. This species is distinguished from other Hawaiian members of the genus by the stipule characters, the length of the leaf stalks, and the length and papery texture of the leaves

Current Listing Status Summary

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Status	Date Listed	Lead Region	Where Listed
Endangered	10-10-1996	Pacific Region (Region 1)	Wherever found

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

» Range Information

Current Range

Last Updated: 07-27-2021 - Wherever found

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Current range maps are only shown within the jurisdictional boundaries of the United States of America. The species may also occur outside this region.

Wherever found
Listing status: Endangered

States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All

USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur:

State	County
Hawaii	Honolulu

» Candidate Information

No Candidate information available for this species.

No Candidate Assessments available for this species.

Candidate Notice of Review Documents

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title
02/28/1996	61 FR 7597 7613	ETWP; Review of Plant and Animal Taxa That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
09/30/1993	58 FR 51144 51190	ETWP; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
02/21/1990	55 FR 6184 6229	ETWP; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species; Notice of Review; 55 FR 6184 6229
09/27/1985	50 FR 39526 39584	Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as End. or Thr. Species; Notice of Review; 50 FR 39526-39584
11/28/1983	48 FR 53640 53670	Supplement to Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as End. or Thr. Species; 48 FR 53640-53670
12/15/1980	45 FR 82480 82569	Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species

Showing 1 to 6 of 6 entries

No Uplisting Documents currently available for this species.

» Federal Register Documents

Federal Register Documents

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Date	Citation Page	Title
05/10/2022	87 FR 28031 28034	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands: Request for Information
04/20/2017	82 FR 18665 18668	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 138 Species in Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and California
09/18/2012	77 FR 57647 57862	Endangered Status for 23 Species on Oahu and Designation of Critical Habitat for 124 Species; Final Rule
08/02/2011	76 FR 46362 46594	Listing 23 Species on Oahu as Endangered and Designating Critical Habitat for 124 Species:Proposed rule.
03/16/2009	74 FR 11130 11133	Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of 103 Species in Hawaii
06/17/2003	68 FR 35950 36406	Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; final designations or nondesignations of critical habitat for 101 plant species from the island of Oahu, HI; final rule
12/26/2002	67 FR 78763 78765	Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designations of critical habitat for plant species from the island of oahu, hawaii; extension of comment period and notice of availability of draft economic analysis
08/26/2002	67 FR 54766 54767	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designations and Non-designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Islands of Kauai, Niihau, Maui, Kahoolawe, Molokai, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii, and Oahu, Hawaii; Alll Plants Open comment Period
05/28/2002	67 FR 37108 37156	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, HI
10/10/1996	61 FR 53089 53108	ETWP; Determination of Endangered Status for Twenty-five Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, Hawaii

Showing 1 to 10 of 17 entries

» Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

No Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.

Special Rule Publications

No Special Rule Publications currently available for this species.

» Recovery

Species with Recovery Documents Data Explorer
Recovery Priority Number: 5

Current Recovery Plan(s)

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Date	Plan Stage	Recovery Plan	Implementation Status	SSAs/Biological Reports	Recovery Implementation Strategies
08/10/1998	Final	Recovery Plan for Oahu Plants	View Implementation Progress

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

Date	Citation Page	Title	Document Type
05/10/2022	87 FR 28031 28034	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands: Request for Information	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
04/20/2017	82 FR 18665 18668	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 138 Species in Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and California	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
03/16/2009	74 FR 11130 11133	Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of 103 Species in Hawaii	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation

Date	Title
07/19/2024	Viola oahuensis 5-Year Status Review
09/30/2019	Viola oahuensis 5-Year Review
09/20/2011	Viola oahuensis 5-Year Review

» Critical Habitat

Critical Habitat Spatial Extents

Population(s)

Wherever found

Critical Habitat Documents

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title	Critical Habitat Shapefile	Document Type
09/18/2012	77 FR 57647 57862	Endangered Status for 23 Species on Oahu and Designation of Critical Habitat for 124 Species; Final Rule	Download	Final

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

To learn more about critical habitat please see https://ecos.fws.gov/crithab

» Conservation Plans

No Conservation Plans currently available for this species.

» Petitions

No Petitions currently available for this species.

» Biological Opinions

To see all FWS Issued Biological Opinions please visit the BO Report.

» Life History

Habitat Requirements

Viola oahuensis occurs at elevations from 415 to 960 m (1,360 to 3,150 ft) on summit ridges on Oahu. Viola oahuensis occurs in wet, windswept areas that are often shrubland, bog vegetation, or bog-like vegetation, or sometimes scrubby forest adjacent to such locations. The species occurs in Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) Dicranopteris linearis (uluhe) lowland wet forest with associated native species such as Anoectochilus sandvicensis (jewel orchid), Antidesma platyphyllum (hame), Bidens macrocarpa (kookoolau), Bobea elatior (ahakea lau nui), Broussaisia arguta (kanawao keokeo), Cheirodendron sp. (olapa), Cibotium chamissoi (hapuu), Clermontia oblongifolia (ha wai), C. persicifolia (ha wai), Coprosma longifolia (pilo), Cyanea humboldtiana (haha), C. st.- johnii (haha), Diplopterygium pinnatum (uluhe lau nui), Dubautia laxa (naenae pua melemele), Euphorbia rockii (akoko), Freycinetia arborea (ie ie), Gardenia remyi (nanu), Ilex anomala (kawau), Kadua centranthoides, K. fosbergii (manono), Labordia hosakana (kamakahala), L. sessilis (kamakahala), L. waiolani (kamakahala), Lobelia gaudichaudii subsp. koolauensis, L. oahuensis, Machaerina angustifolia (uki), Melicope clusiifolia (kolokolo mokihana), M. hiiakae (alani), M. hosakae (alani), Metrosideros rugosa (lehua papa), Myrsine juddii (kolea), M. sandwicensis (kolea lau nui), Nertera granadensis (makole), Nothoperanema rubiginosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis (olomea), Phyllostegia lantanoides, Pittosporum confertiflorum (hoawa), Pritchardia martii (loulu hiwa), Psychotria fauriei, P. mariniana (kopiko), Sadleria sp. (amauu, apuu), Scaevola mollis (naupaka), Syzygium sandwicensis (ohia ha), Tetraplasandra oahuensis (ohe mauka), Trematolobelia singularis, Wikstroemia oahuensis (akia), and Zanthoxylum sp. (ae).

Movement / Home Range

Viola oahuensis is endemic to the Koolau Mountain range of Oahu. Historically, V. oahuensis occurred scattered over the northern and central parts of the range. Only a few occurrences were ever known in the southern part of the Koolau Mountains. Currently, V. oahuensis occurs in the northern and central parts of the Koolau Mountain range.

Reproductive Strategy

Viola oahuensis has been observed flowering in August and September. Little else is know about the reproductive biology of this species. Its pollination vectors, seed dispersal agents, specific environmental requirements, and limiting factors are unknown.

Other

This species is distinguished from other Hawaiian members of the genus by the stipule characters, the length of the leaf stalks, and the length and papery texture of the leaves

» Other Resources

NatureServe Explorer Species Reports-- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.

ITIS Reports-- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video." +