lehua makanoe (Lysimachia daphnoides)

Listing Status: Endangered

Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND

General Information

Lysimachia daphnoides, a member of the Primulaceae (primrose) family, is a small shrub forming clumps 20 to 50 cm (0.7 to 1.6 ft) tall, with several stems, and reddish brown to dark brown bark. Leaves are closely spaced, alternate, and oblong to oblanceolate (rounded apex and tapering base), 20 to 53 mm (mm) (0.8 to 2.1 in) long, and 6 to 14 mm (0.2 to 0.6 in) wide. Flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, 6 to 7-merous, with a campanulate (bell-shaped) corolla, dark purple or dark burgundy. Capsules are subglobose (somewhat ball-shaped) and seeds are dark brown and 2 mm (0.08 in) long.
Current Listing Status Summary

» Range Information

Current Range
Last Updated: 07-06-2021 - Wherever found
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  • Wherever found

    Listing status: Endangered

    • States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
    • US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
    • USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur: 

» Candidate Information

No Candidate information available for this species.

No Candidate Assessments available for this species.

Candidate Notice of Review Documents

No Uplisting Documents currently available for this species.

» Federal Register Documents

Federal Register Documents

» Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

No Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.

Special Rule Publications

No Special Rule Publications currently available for this species.

» Conservation Plans

No Conservation Plans currently available for this species.

» Petitions

» Biological Opinions

To see all FWS Issued Biological Opinions please visit the BO Report.

» Life History

Habitat Requirements

Lysimachia daphnoides occurs on hummocks in Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) mixed bogs between 1,220 and 1,570 m (4,002 and 5,151 ft). Associated native plant species include Adenophorus spp. (no common name (NCN)), Carex spp. (NCN), Cheirodendron spp. (olopa), Cibotium spp. (hapuu), Coprosma spp. (pilo) Dicranopteris linearis (uluhe), Dubautia spp. (naenae), Leptecophylla tameiameiae (pukiawe), Melicope spp. (alani), Oreobolus furcatus (NCN), Rhynchospora spp. (kuolohia), Vaccinium spp. (ohelo), and Viola spp. (violet).

Movement / Home Range

Historically, Lysimachia daphnoides was known from the more southerly mountains of Kauai, including the Wahiawa Drainage and surrounding ridges, in the Lihue-Koloa FR. Currently, subpopulations occur in the more northerly portion of the Alakai Wilderness Preserve and possibly into the Hono o Na Pali Natural Area Reserve.

Reproductive Strategy

Lysimachia daphnoides has been observed flowering from March through May and fruiting from September through November. Artificial or unmanipulated self-pollination within flowers of Lysimachia rarely results in fruit, but geitonogamous (pollination of a flower with the pollen from another flower on the same flowering plant) pollination does result in fruit set. Thus, species are self-compatible. Seeds from the dehiscent (the opening, at maturity, of a plant structure) capsule are dispersed locally by gravity. Long distance seed dispersal may result from the strong hurricane winds or through seed embedded in mud on the feet of birds.

» Other Resources

NatureServe Explorer Species Reports-- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.

ITIS Reports-- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video." +

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