Lanai sandalwood (=`iliahi) (Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense)
Taxonomy:
View taxonomy in ITISListing Status: Endangered
Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND
General Information
Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense (iliahi, Lanai sandalwood) is a small shrub to tree in the sandalwood family (Santalaceae). Trees are 1 to 13 m (3 to 43 ft) tall, often with drooping branches. Leaves green, sometimes slightly glaucous, the young ones often purple-tinged. Leaves are broadly elliptic to ovate or orbicular, usually flat. Flowers are weakly fragrant, red to yellow in bud, and longer than wide. The floral tube is yellowish white to white, turning red with age, and not constricted at the throat. The endocarp is smooth, and drupes are reddish purple to nearly black at maturity, and 8 to 17 mm (0.3 to 0.7 in) long, with a subapical receptacular ring.» Range Information
Current Range
Current range maps are only shown within the jurisdictional boundaries of the United States of America. The species may also occur outside this region.
Wherever found
Listing status: Endangered
- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur:
» Candidate Information
No Candidate information available for this species.
No Candidate Assessments available for this species.
No Candidate Notice of Review Documents currently available for this species.
No Uplisting Documents currently available for this species.
» Federal Register Documents
» Species Status Assessments (SSAs)
No Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.
No Special Rule Publications currently available for this species.
» Recovery
- Species with Recovery Documents Data Explorer
- Recovery Priority Number: 3
No Delisting Documents currently available for this species.
» Critical Habitat
To learn more about critical habitat please see https://ecos.fws.gov/crithab
» Conservation Plans
No Conservation Plans currently available for this species.
» Petitions
No Petitions currently available for this species.
» Biological Opinions
To see all FWS Issued Biological Opinions please visit the BO Report.
» Life History
Habitat Requirements
Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense occurs in Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) Dodonaea viscosa (aalii) Diospyros sandwicensis (lama) mesic forest at elevetions from 400 to 650 m (1300 to 2130 ft). Associated native species on Maui include Coprosma foliosa (pilo), Doodia kunthiana (okupukupu), Leptecophylla tameiameiae (pukiawe), Lysimachia remyi (no common name[NCN]), Melicope volcanica (alani), Microlepia strigosa (palapalai), Nestegis sandwicensis (olopua), Pittosporum sp. (hoawa), Pleomele sp. (hala pepe), Psychotria sp. (kopiko), Remya mauiensis (NCN), and Wikstroemia sp. (akia), Asplenium spp. (iwa or kuau), Carex spp. (NCN), Charpentiera sp., Eragrostis sp., Cyperus sp. (ahu awa), Panicum nephelophilum (kona kona), and Trisetum inaequale, Euphorbia sp. (akoko), Charpentiera sp. (papala), Dodonaea viscosa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine sp. (kolea), Nestegis sandwicensis, Pleomele sp., Pouteria sandwicensis (alaa), Streblus pendulinus (aiai) Tetraplasandra sp. (ohe), and Xylosma sp. (ae). Associated native species on Lanai include Broussaisia arguta (kanawao), Cheirodendron trigynum (olapa), Cyrtandra grayana (keokeo haiwale), Dubautia laxa (naenae lua melemele), Kadua affinis (manono), Pipturus albidus (mamake), Pittosporum confertiflorum (hoawa), Pneumatopteris sandwicensis (hoio kula), and Scaevola chamissoniana (naupaka kuahiwi), Bonamia menziesii (NCN), Gardenia brighamii (nanu), Hibiscus brackenridgei (mao hau hele), Myoporum sandwicense (naio), Nesoluma polynesicum (keahi), and Pouteria sandwicensis.
Movement / Home Range
Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense historically occurred across Lanai, East and West Maui, and East Molokai. It currently occurs on Lanai, Molokai, and Maui.
Reproductive Strategy
Flowers are weakly fragrant, red to yellow in bud, and longer than wide. Little else is known about its flowering cycles, pollination vectors, seed dispersal agents, longevity, specific environmental requirements, and limiting factors.
Other
Santalum freycinetianum has been divided taxonomically into three varieties: var. freycinetianum, var. lanaiense, and var. pyrularium. At the time of listing, Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense was known only from the island of Lanai (USFWS 1986). In the recovery plan for this species, published in 1995, the range for this species included west Maui, as well as Lanai (USFWS 1995). In her revision of the Hawaiian species of Santalum, Harbaugh et al. (2010) moved the plants previously recognized as S. freycinetianum var. lanaiense to S. haleakalae var. lanaiense. Therefore, S. freycinetianum var. lanaiense is now accepted as S. haleakalae var. lanaiense (Harbough et al. 2010). In addition, the range of S. haleakalae var. lanaiense now includes Molokai, Lanai, and east and west Maui (Harbaugh et al. 2010).
» Other Resources
NatureServe Explorer Species Reports-- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.
ITIS Reports-- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.
FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video." +
