Species Profile for Kolea(Myrsine fosbergii)

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Kolea (Myrsine fosbergii)

Taxonomy:

View taxonomy in ITIS

Listing Status: Endangered

Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND

General Information

Myrsine fosbergii (kolea), a member of the Primulaceae (primrose) family, is a branched shrub or small tree measuring 2 to 4 m (6 to 13 ft) tall. The branches are dark reddish brown with clusters of leaves near the tip of each branch. The leaves are predominantly dark green with a dark purple base, and measure 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 in) long and 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1 in) wide, giving them a narrow, elliptical shape. Flowers are perfect or possibly unisexual (and then plants dioecious), 4 to 8 bracteolate bundled and arising on short woody knobs among the leaves. Pedicels 5 to 8 mm (0.02 to 0.03 in) long and sparsely puberulent or glabrous. Calyx lobes are 0.9 to 1.2 mm (0.03 to 0.04 in) long, glabrous, with margins ciliate. Petals are oblanceolate, 2.8 to 3.5 mm (0.01 in) long with margins ciliate. Anthers are ca. 2 mm (0.01 in) long, apex with a small tuft of hairs and stigma shaped in a head. Drupes are purplish black, globose, ca. 6 to 9 mm (0.02 to 0.03 in) diameter.

Current Listing Status Summary

Show entries

Status	Date Listed	Lead Region	Where Listed
Endangered	10-31-2016	Pacific Region (Region 1)	Wherever found

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

» Range Information

Current Range

Last Updated: 07-06-2021 - Wherever found

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Wherever found
Listing status: Endangered

States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All

USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur:

State	County
Hawaii	Honolulu
Hawaii	Kauai

» Candidate Information

No Candidate information available for this species.

No Candidate Assessments available for this species.

Candidate Notice of Review Documents

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title
12/05/2014	79 FR 72449 72497	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
11/22/2013	78 FR 70103 70162	Review of Native Species That are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
11/21/2012	77 FR 69993 70060	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
10/26/2011	76 FR 66370 66439	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
11/10/2010	75 FR 69222 69294	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule
11/09/2009	74 FR 57804 57878	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
12/10/2008	73 FR 75176 75244	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule
12/06/2007	72 FR 69034 69106	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule
09/12/2006	71 FR 53756 53835	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
05/11/2005	70 FR 24870 24934	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Native Species That Are Candidates or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule

Showing 1 to 10 of 14 entries

No Uplisting Documents currently available for this species.

» Federal Register Documents

Federal Register Documents

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Date	Citation Page	Title	Supporting Documents
03/20/2024	89 FR 19861 19864	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 100 species in American Samoa, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
06/11/2019	84 FR 27152 27154	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 91 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and American Samoa
09/30/2016	81 FR 67786 67860	Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Final Rule
01/22/2016	81 FR 3767 3768	Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed rule; reopening of comment period, and announcement of public information meeting and hearing.
09/30/2015	80 FR 58819 58909	Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed Rule
12/05/2014	79 FR 72449 72497	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions	Candidate Assessment
11/22/2013	78 FR 70103 70162	Review of Native Species That are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions	Candidate Assessment
11/21/2012	77 FR 69993 70060	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions	Candidate Assessment
10/26/2011	76 FR 66370 66439	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions	Candidate Assessment
11/10/2010	75 FR 69222 69294	Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule	Candidate Assessment

Showing 1 to 10 of 19 entries

» Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

No Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.

Special Rule Publications

No Special Rule Publications currently available for this species.

» Recovery

Species with Recovery Documents Data Explorer
Recovery Priority Number: 5

Current Recovery Plan(s)

Show entries

Date	Plan Stage	Recovery Plan	Implementation Status	SSAs/Biological Reports	Recovery Implementation Strategies
12/14/2022	Final	Recovery Plan for 50 Hawaiian Archipelago Species	View Implementation Progress	Species Report: Myrsine fosbergii - 12/14/2022

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

Date	Citation Page	Title	Document Type
03/20/2024	89 FR 19861 19864	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 100 species in American Samoa, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
02/24/2022		Notice of Draft Recovery Plan for 50 Hawaiian Archipelago Species	Document Availability Notice, Draft Recovery Plan (non-FR)
06/11/2019	84 FR 27152 27154	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 91 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and American Samoa	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation

Date	Title
07/28/2021	Myrsine fosbergii 5-year Review

» Critical Habitat

No Critical Habitat Documents currently available for this species.

» Conservation Plans

No Conservation Plans currently available for this species.

» Petitions

Show entries

Petition Title	Date Received by the FWS	Where the species is believed to or known to occur	Petitioner Name	Requested Action	Petition Finding(s)	Active	Petition Documents
List 225 Candidate Species with Critical Habitat	05/11/2004	AL, American Samoa, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, Guam, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, NJ, NM, Northern Mariana Islands, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, Puerto Rico, SC, TN, TX, US Minor Outlying Islands, UT, VA, Virgin Islands, WA, WI, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, British Virgin Islands, Canada, Chile, Dominican Republic, Fiji, French Polynesia, Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Tonga, United States, Western Samoa	Biodiversity Conservation Alliance Dr. Thomas Eisner, Dr. Jane Goodall Xerces Society Martin Sheen, Dr. Robert Hass, Dr. E.O. Wilson Dr. Paul Ehrlich Center for Biological Diversity, Dr. John Terborgh, Dr. Niles Eldredge Barbara Kingsolver, Charles Bowden,	APA: Petitioned to designate Critical Habitat ESA - Petitioned for Listing: Threatened or Endangered ESA - Petitioned for Listing: Threatened	12m petition finding Not Warranted on 11/09/2009 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded: Resubmitted on 11/21/2012 12m petition finding Not Warranted on 10/03/2012 90 day petition finding Substantial on 12/16/2009 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded on 01/22/1993 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded on 12/09/1993 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded on 10/26/2011 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded on 05/07/1993 90 day petition finding Substantial on 12/16/1991 90 day petition finding Substantial on 09/21/1989 90 day petition finding Substantial on 01/21/1987 90 day petition finding Substantial on 09/27/2011 12m petition finding Warranted But Precluded: Resubmitted on 10/26/2011	No - Not Withdrawn	list-225.pdf coverletter.pdf

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

» Biological Opinions

To see all FWS Issued Biological Opinions please visit the BO Report.

» Life History

Habitat Requirements

Typical habitat for Myrsine fosbergii includes dense to open forest canopies at 292 to 1453 m (962 to 4767 ft) in MetrosiderosDicranopteris (ohiauluhe) forest in the Koolau mountains on Oahu and Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia)Diospyros sandwicensis (lama) lowland mesic forest and M. polymorphaCheirodendron spp. (olapa) montane wet forest from the Wahiawa mountains and drainage, Kawaiula Valley, Limahuli Valley, Namolokama, Kalalau, Hanakapiai, and Haupu mountains on Kauai. Associated native plant species include Antidesma spp. (hame), Cheirodendron spp. (olapa), Diospyros spp. (lama), Perrottetia sandwicensis (olomea), and Syzygium sandwicense (ohia ha). There are known differences in elevation, average rainfall, and slope between populations of Myrsine fosbergii. Myrsine fosbergii often occurs along watercourses and at summit ridges where rainfall is most frequent, which may suggest a dependency on wetter habitats or habitats where water may be more readily available.

Movement / Home Range

Historically, Myrsine fosbergii occurred in the Koolau mountains of Oahu. Currently, there are five populations on both Kauai and Oahu.

Reproductive Strategy

Flowers are perfect or possibly unisexual (dioecious). Pollination and seed dispersal of Myrsine fosbergii are unknown, but colonizing species in this lineage are presumably pollinated by insects and dispersed by forest birds. Myrsine fosbergii has been reported flowering and fruiting in February, April, May, and August.

Other

Myrsine fosbergii shares habitat and also hybridizes with other Myrsine broad-leaved species, for example, with M. degeneri or M. lessertiana. On Oahu, possible hybrids are present, but no confirmed hybrids have been identified on Kauai. Identifying hybrids can be difficult at different life stages, and the number of hybrid individuals may actually be higher than estimated on Oahu and Kauai.

» Other Resources

NatureServe Explorer Species Reports-- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.

ITIS Reports-- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video." +