Species Profile for Ha`iwale(Cyrtandra dentata)

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Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra dentata)

Taxonomy:

View taxonomy in ITIS

Listing Status: Endangered

Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND

General Information

Cyrtandra dentata, a member of the Gesneriaceae (African violet) family, is a sparingly branched shrub ranging from 1.5 to 5 m (5 to 16 ft) tall. Papery in texture, the leaves are broadly elliptic to almost circular or broadly egg-shaped to egg-shaped, 9 to 33 cm (3.5 to 13 in) long, and 3 to 17 cm (1.2 to 6.7 in) wide. Three to nine white flowers are arranged on an inverse umbrella-shaped flower cluster which arises from the leaf axil. The main flower stalk is 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in) long and the individual flower stalks are 15 to 33 mm (0.6 to 1.3 in) long. The leaf-like bracts are 12 to 30 mm (0.5 to 1.2 in) long. The tubular portion of the flower is 12 to 25 mm (0.5 to 1 in) long and 4 to 9 mm (0.2 to 0.4 in) in diameter. The upper flower lobes are 2 to 6 mm (0.08 to 0.2 in) long and 3 to 7 mm (0.1 to 0.3 in) wide, while the lower lobes are 3 to 17 mm (0.1 to 0.7 in) long and 4 to 9 mm (0.2 to 0.4 in) wide. The round white berries are 1 to 2.6 cm (0.4 to 1 in) long.

Current Listing Status Summary

Show entries

Status	Date Listed	Lead Region	Where Listed
Endangered	10-10-1996	Pacific Region (Region 1)	Wherever found

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

» Range Information

Current Range

Last Updated: 05-21-2021 - Wherever found

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* For consultation needs do not use only this current range map, please use IPaC.

Current range maps are only shown within the jurisdictional boundaries of the United States of America. The species may also occur outside this region.

Wherever found
Listing status: Endangered

States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All

USFWS Refuges in which this population is known to occur:

State	County
Hawaii	Honolulu

» Candidate Information

No Candidate information available for this species.

No Candidate Assessments available for this species.

Candidate Notice of Review Documents

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title
02/28/1996	61 FR 7597 7613	ETWP; Review of Plant and Animal Taxa That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
09/30/1993	58 FR 51144 51190	ETWP; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
02/21/1990	55 FR 6184 6229	ETWP; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species; Notice of Review; 55 FR 6184 6229
09/27/1985	50 FR 39526 39584	Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as End. or Thr. Species; Notice of Review; 50 FR 39526-39584
11/28/1983	48 FR 53640 53670	Supplement to Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as End. or Thr. Species; 48 FR 53640-53670
12/15/1980	45 FR 82480 82569	Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
07/01/1975	40 FR 27924	Review of Status of Vascular Plants

Showing 1 to 7 of 7 entries

No Uplisting Documents currently available for this species.

» Federal Register Documents

Federal Register Documents

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Date	Citation Page	Title
05/10/2022	87 FR 28031 28034	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands: Request for Information
04/20/2017	82 FR 18665 18668	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 138 Species in Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and California
09/18/2012	77 FR 57647 57862	Endangered Status for 23 Species on Oahu and Designation of Critical Habitat for 124 Species; Final Rule
08/02/2011	76 FR 46362 46594	Listing 23 Species on Oahu as Endangered and Designating Critical Habitat for 124 Species:Proposed rule.
04/08/2010	75 FR 17947 17950	5-Year Status Reviews of 69 Species in Idaho, Washington, Hawaii, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
07/06/2005	70 FR 38972 38975	Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of the Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus mariannus), Mariana Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis), Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis), Kauai Akialoa (Honeycreeper) (Hemignathus procerus), Large Kauai Thrush (Myadestes myadestinus), Kauai Oo (Honeyeater) (Moho braccatus), Ou (Honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittace), Molokai Creeper (Paroreomyza flammea), Molokai Thrush (Myadestes lanaiensis rutha), Kauai Cave Wolf Spider (Adelocosa anops) Kauai Cave Amphipod (Spelaeorchestia koloana), Alsinidendron obovatum (No Common Name), Amaranthus brownii (No Common Name), Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana (Akoko), Chamaesyce deppeana (Akoko), Chamaesyce herbstii (Akoko), Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana (Ewa Plains Akoko), Clermontia pyrularia (Oha Wai), Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae (No Common Name), Cyanea pinnatifida (Haha), Cyanea st.-johnii (Haha), Cyanea superba (Haha), Cyanea truncata (Haha), Cyrtandra dentate (Haiwale), Gouania vitifolia (No Common Name), Hedyotis degeneri (No Common Name), Hibiscadelphus woodii (Hau Kuahiwi), Castilleja levisecta (Golden paintbrush), Fender's Blue Butterfly (Icaricia icarioides fenderi), Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens (Willamette Daisy), Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii (Kincaid's Lupine), Lomatium bradshawii (Bradshaw's Desert Parsley), and Sidalcea nelsoniana (Nelson's Checker-mallow)
06/17/2003	68 FR 35950 36406	Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; final designations or nondesignations of critical habitat for 101 plant species from the island of Oahu, HI; final rule
12/26/2002	67 FR 78763 78765	Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designations of critical habitat for plant species from the island of oahu, hawaii; extension of comment period and notice of availability of draft economic analysis
08/26/2002	67 FR 54766 54767	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designations and Non-designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Islands of Kauai, Niihau, Maui, Kahoolawe, Molokai, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii, and Oahu, Hawaii; Alll Plants Open comment Period
05/28/2002	67 FR 37108 37156	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, HI

Showing 1 to 10 of 19 entries

» Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

Species Status Assessments (SSAs)

No Species Status Assessments (SSA's) are currently available for this species.

Special Rule Publications

No Special Rule Publications currently available for this species.

» Recovery

Species with Recovery Documents Data Explorer
Recovery Priority Number: 8

Current Recovery Plan(s)

Show entries

Date	Plan Stage	Recovery Plan	Implementation Status	SSAs/Biological Reports	Recovery Implementation Strategies
08/10/1998	Final	Recovery Plan for Oahu Plants	View Implementation Progress

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

Other Recovery Documents

Note: This report includes actual Five Year Review completions and notices as well as records that act as Five Year Review completions and notices.

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title	Document Type
05/10/2022	87 FR 28031 28034	Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands: Request for Information	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
04/20/2017	82 FR 18665 18668	Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 138 Species in Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and California	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
04/08/2010	75 FR 17947 17950	5-Year Status Reviews of 69 Species in Idaho, Washington, Hawaii, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation
07/06/2005	70 FR 38972 38975	Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of the Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus mariannus), Mariana Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis), Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis), Kauai Akialoa (Honeycreeper) (Hemignathus procerus), Large Kauai Thrush (Myadestes myadestinus), Kauai Oo (Honeyeater) (Moho braccatus), Ou (Honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittace), Molokai Creeper (Paroreomyza flammea), Molokai Thrush (Myadestes lanaiensis rutha), Kauai Cave Wolf Spider (Adelocosa anops) Kauai Cave Amphipod (Spelaeorchestia koloana), Alsinidendron obovatum (No Common Name), Amaranthus brownii (No Common Name), Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana (Akoko), Chamaesyce deppeana (Akoko), Chamaesyce herbstii (Akoko), Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana (Ewa Plains Akoko), Clermontia pyrularia (Oha Wai), Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae (No Common Name), Cyanea pinnatifida (Haha), Cyanea st.-johnii (Haha), Cyanea superba (Haha), Cyanea truncata (Haha), Cyrtandra dentate (Haiwale), Gouania vitifolia (No Common Name), Hedyotis degeneri (No Common Name), Hibiscadelphus woodii (Hau Kuahiwi), Castilleja levisecta (Golden paintbrush), Fender's Blue Butterfly (Icaricia icarioides fenderi), Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens (Willamette Daisy), Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii (Kincaid's Lupine), Lomatium bradshawii (Bradshaw's Desert Parsley), and Sidalcea nelsoniana (Nelson's Checker-mallow)	Five Year Review Notice, Information Solicitation

Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries

Five Year Reviews

Note: This report includes actual Five Year Review completions as well as records that act as Five Year Review completions.

Show entries

Date	Title
07/19/2024	Cyrtandra dentata 5-Year Status Review and Assessment
09/25/2019	Ha`iwale(Cyrtandra dentata) 5-Year Review
08/28/2012	Ha`iwale(Cyrtandra dentata) 5-Year Review
08/02/2007	Ha`iwale(Cyrtandra dentata) 5-Year Review

Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries

No Delisting Documents currently available for this species.

» Critical Habitat

Critical Habitat Spatial Extents

Population(s)

Wherever found

Critical Habitat Documents

Show entries

Date	Citation Page	Title	Critical Habitat Shapefile	Document Type
09/18/2012	77 FR 57647 57862	Endangered Status for 23 Species on Oahu and Designation of Critical Habitat for 124 Species; Final Rule	Download	Final

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries

To learn more about critical habitat please see https://ecos.fws.gov/crithab

» Conservation Plans

No Conservation Plans currently available for this species.

» Petitions

No Petitions currently available for this species.

» Biological Opinions

To see all FWS Issued Biological Opinions please visit the BO Report.

» Life History

Habitat Requirements

Cyrtandra dentata occurs in gulches, slopes, or ravines in mesic and wet forest and cliffs with Metrosideros spp. (ohia), Syzygium sandwicensis (ohia ha), and Aleurites moluccana (kukui) at elevations from 580 to 720 m (1,900 to 2,360 ft).

Movement / Home Range

Cyrtandra dentata was historically and currently known from Waianae and Koolau mountains of Oahu.

Reproductive Strategy

Cyrtandra dentata has been observed flowering in June and fruiting in March.

Other

Cyrtandra dentata is distinguished from others in the genus by the number and arrangement of the flowers, the length of the bracts and flower stalks, and the shape of the leaves. There is widespread interspecific hybridization among natural populations of Hawaii Cyrtandra. Wagner et al. (1999) concluded that Cyrtandra dentata hybridizes with Cyrtandra laxiflora. There has been difficulty identifying Cyrtandra in the field to species level if the plants do not contain reproductive material.

» Other Resources

NatureServe Explorer Species Reports-- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.

ITIS Reports-- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video." +