Report Results

Recovery Plan Ad Hoc Report results

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Plan Title	Plan Stage	Plan Lead Region (FWS)	Plan Lead Office (FWS)	Species Common Name	Species Scientific Name	Action Priority	Action Number	Action Description	Action Status	Estimated Initiation Date	Estimated Completion Date	Action Lead Agencies	Responsible Parties	Work Types	Labor Types	Comments
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	1.2.1	Maintain current captive breeding program, including care of Sonoran pronghorn and captive breeding infrastructure	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; costs include Cabeza Prieta and Kofa pens
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.1.9.2	Monitor (document and track) the protection status of pronghorn habitat in the Quitovac MU annually.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.2.3	Protect, through appropriate laws and regulations, Sonoran pronghorn habitat in the U.S. by changing or maintaining land use designations	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs of maintaining designations part of existing agency budgets; costs of changing land use designations would include NEPA and other analyses. otherst anticipated more frequently than once every 10 years
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.3.1	Cooperate with La Herradura Mine on their mining plan to prevent and minimize loss of Sonoran pronghorn habitat.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.3.3	Monitor area of Sonoran pronghorn habitat lost	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Mexico Conservation Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered in 2.1.6 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.5.3.1.1	Remove feral burros, goats, cattle, and horses in Sonoran pronghorn habitat in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	One annual meeting involving at least 15 agency participants in addition to the annual estimated cost of control.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.5.3.1.2	Remove feral burros, goats, cattle, and horses in Sonoran pronghorn habitat in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	At least one annual coordination meeting and the estimated cost of controlling feral livestock.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.5.5.1	Work with CBP/USBP to minimize and mitigate, to the greatest extent possible, operation of off-highway vehicles in Sonoran pronghorn habitat	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated to involve at least five resource agency staff (assuming GS-11 level) for a least three days per year to coordinate.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.5.5.4	Work with USBP to minimize, to the greatest extent possible, impacts of other border operations on Sonoran pronghorn habitat quality.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated to involve at least five resource agency staff (assuming GS-11 level) for a least three days per year to coordinate.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.5.9	Minimize impacts of off-road racing in Sonora on Sonoran pronghorn habitat.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs based on 2 biologists for 2 weeks per year to evaluate impacts. others cost estimates are provided for assembling a team because the extent of the issue is otherst currently kotherswn.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.2.1.1	Work with appropriate authorities and stakeholders to prevent creation of new barriers/impediments to Sonoran pronghorn movement in Mexico	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of two biologists needed at least one day per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.2.1.2	Work with appropriate authorities and stakeholders to prevent creation of new barriers/impediments to Sonoran pronghorn movement in the U.S.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.2.2.1	Where new barriers will be constructed, work with appropriate authorities and stakeholders to minimize the impacts of those barriers on Sonoran pronghorn movement in the U.S.	Not Started				Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day every three years to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.2.2.2	Where new barriers will be constructed, work with appropriate authorities and stakeholders to minimize the impacts of those barriers on Sonoran pronghorn movement in Mexico	Not Started				La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of two biologists needed at least two days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.3.1.1	Work with mine companies in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	costs copied from similar actions estimated by CEDES
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.3.2	Work with authorities to enforce environmental laws pertaining to mining to prevent habitat fragmentation	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.6.3.3	Work with authorities to enforce environmental laws pertaining to other sources of habitat fragmentation (e.g. new roads)	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.7.2.2	Provide supplemental feed to Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Approximately $2,100 for the alfalfa hay bales needed, Additional staff time to distribute hay annually, approximately $5,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.3.1	Maintain water sources for Sonoran pronghorn in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of two staff needed at least 30 days per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.3.2	Maintain water sources for Sonoran pronghorn in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing at Pinacate using temporary waters, therefore increased water hauling demand.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.4.1	Modify existing water sources to make them available to Sonoran pronghorn as needed in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate that four existing waters will be modified for pronghorn over a 20 year period at $7,500 each.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.4.2	Modify existing water sources to make them available to Sonoran pronghorn as needed in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate that two existing waters will be modified for pronghorn over a 20 year period at $3,000 each.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.5.1	Create new water sources for Sonoran pronghorn in the U.S.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	two large 18,000 gallon capacity catchments per year for the next 10 years at $20,000 each. 8/23/2022 - Cost per catchment has increased to more than $100,000 each due to problems obtaining materials starting in 2020, first due to a fire in the factory where the PVC storage pipes are manufactured and then associated with pandemic and supply chain issues. Although Hat Mountain pronghorn water on BMGRE was built in 2020 prior to pandemic restrictions, the construction of Ku:wud on BMGRE had to be delayed from 2020 to 2021 due to the pandemic.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	2.8.5.2	Create new water sources for Sonoran pronghorn in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	two above ground 1000 gallon capacity systems per year for the next five years at $1,700 each CEDES installing hydropanels in Quitovac
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	3.1.3	Continue to work with CBP/USBP to minimize and mitigate the impacts of their operations on Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included 2.5.5.2 - 2.5.5.5 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	4.1.	Aerially survey Sonoran pronghorn populations annually to determine abundance	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Pronghorn populations are currently surveyed every year alternating between the U.S. (even numbered years) and Mexico (odd numbered years).
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	4.2.1	Continue to monitor using periodic telemetry flights	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	1,000 per flight * 15 per year; ask Jill or John for days 8/24/2022 - Flights have occurred less frequently (3 or fewer times per year) since 2020 initially due to COVID but now due to pilot shortages. The need to monitor pronghorn via telemetry flights is also reduced due to the greater proportion of pronghorn released wearing GPS collars with satellite communication capabilities.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	4.3	Continue to mark (e.g., ear tags, collars) captive-raised Sonoran pronghorn released from pens	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	In addition to the costs associated with the annual captured summarized above in 1.3.3.1, annual radio collar and ear-tag costs are approximately $12,000.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	5.12	Evaluate the effects of supplemental water sources and feed on the survival and recruitment of both wild and pen raised Sonoran pronghorn.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	5.13	Investigate Sonoran pronghorn habitat use and preferences, including identifying critical use areas.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Ongoing, a component of 4.2, 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 above. Costs included in those sections.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	5.8	Research the impact of Sonoran pronghorn fawn predation	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	6.10	Work with governments (federal, state, and municipal) to recover Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs partially covered above in 4.6.4. Additional five days per year of at least two GS-11 staff required annually for follow through.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	6.2.1	Establish a binational agreement or letter of intent (Mexico-U.S.) to implement binational recovery actions in the Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Plan and PACE	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs calculated using one GS11 to write agreement for 1 week. Coordination included in 6.2.2., below.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	6.2.2	Establish a binational steering committee for the Sonoran pronghorn that could facilitate and support the tasks of several members of the recovery team, have more weight in the exchange between ministries in the Mexican Government and facilitate the flow of resources (both human and economic) towards the Plan.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	6.2.3	Coordinate to secure funding to recover Sonoran pronghorn.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs calculated above in 4.6.4
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	6.3	Develop a Sonora State PACE for Sonoran pronghorn to, among other things, facilitate recovery actions between Sonora and Arizona.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Two Mexican Biologists at half time for one year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	7.1	Explore U.S.-based funding source options; secure and manage funds acquired from those sources.	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Requires the involvement of at least three GS-11 staff for 16 days per year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	1	7.2	Explore Mexico-based funding source options; secure and manage funds acquired from those sources.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Requires the involvement of at least three staff, for at least 16 days per year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	1.1.2.1	Vaccinate against Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease and Blue Tongue.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	8/18/2022 - Vaccinating all pronghorn handled in the captive breeding pens each year
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	1.1.4.1.1	Identify under what conditions and when and where predator control is needed in the AZMUs.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	A shared function between the AZGFD and land managers. Unknown frequency of need depending on circumstances and predator populations. On the average, 1 day per year and a minimum of two staff devoted to this
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	1.1.4.1.2	Identify under what conditions and when and where predator control is needed in the Sonora MUs.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	A shared function between the CEDES and CONANP staff. Unkotherswn frequency of need depending on circumstances and predator populations. On the average, 1 day per year and a minimum of two staff devoted to this
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	1.1.4.2.1	Implement predator control programs as needed in the AZMUs.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	small scale around or within pen; unknown frequency needed but estimate once per 5-10 years. APHIS contract.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	1.1.4.2.2	Implement predator control programs as needed in the Sonora MUs.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Unidades de Manejo Ambiental	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	This would be controlling wild populations of coyotes if needed within Mexico. The estimate frequency would be once every 10 years for an average cost of $10,000 per operation.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.1.1	Monitor and assess the quantity of habitat through aerial surveys annually	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	$1000 for the plane and $500 for the staff time associated annually.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.1.3	Monitor and assess habitat quality (particularly greenness) through aerial surveys at least three times a year, and other methods as needed	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Same unit cost as for 2.1.1 above multiplied by three surveys
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.1.9.1	Monitor (document and track) the protection status of pronghorn habitat in the Pinacate MU every two years.	Not Started			Others	El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.1.1	Expand the size of the core areas within the boundary of the Pinacate Biosphere Reserve.	Not Started			Others	El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.1.2	Create a protected reserve for the Sonoran pronghorn within the Quitovac Management Unit (e.g. UMA, State ANP, private reserve)	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	State ANP or UMA
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.1.3	Identify and designate priority conservation areas (Area Prioritaria para la Conservacion y CONANP/CONABIO) or other State designation for the conservation of the Sonoran pronghorn.	Not Started			Others	Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Update every five years
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.4.3	Work with La Herradura and Noche Buena Mines to restore Sonoran pronghorn habitat.	Not Started				La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered below.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.4.3.1	Work with the Fresnillo Mining Company to encourage them to implement voluntary conservation measures.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Annual costs are estimated and will require annual engagement with the mine company.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.4.3.2	Work with the Newmont Mining Company (based in Colorado) to become a corporate sponsor of Sonoran pronghorn recovery and implement voluntary conservation measures.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	This action provides an opportunity for agencies in the U.S. to facilitate Conservation of habitat for the Sonoran pronghorn population in Quitovac. Annual costs are estimated and will require annual engagement with the mine company.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.2.5	Promote the conservation and protection of ANPs, Predios Certificados para la Conservacion (Certified Properties for Conservation), communal and/or private reserves, and UMAs.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed to promote conservation and protection at least two days per month.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.3.2.1	Work with agencies and authorities (federal, state, municipal) to monitor, prevent, minimize, and/or mitigate future detrimental land use changes in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	Sonora Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimate provided by CEDES
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.3.2.2	Work with agencies and authorities (federal, state, municipal) to monitor, prevent, minimize, and/or mitigate future detrimental land use changes in the U.S.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Incremental costs for section 7 consultation specifically on pronghorn are totaled here for both FWS and technical experts helping FWS (150 days) and action agencies.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.4.4	Promote coordinated action among municipal and state agencies to decree the state land use program which is focused on avoiding changes in land uses in priority areas.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per month for at least three years for this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.1.1.2	Reduce livestock numbers when necessary.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate based on at least five days per year to implement this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.1.1.3.1	Provide financial incentives/ and other income opportunities to ranchers to reduce livestock grazing in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Position. Minimum of one biologist needed at least ten days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.1.1.3.2	Provide financial incentives/ and other income opportunities to ranchers to reduce livestock grazing in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed at least ten days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.1.1.4.1	Develop and implement other strategies to reduce livestock grazing in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of one biologist needed at least ten days per year for at least three years to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.1.1.4.2	Develop and implement other strategies to reduce livestock grazing in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed at least ten days per year for at least five years to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.2.3	Decrease livestock numbers or remove livestock from habitat during times of emergency (drought, fire, etc).	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Minimum of three days per year once every five years to coordinate this action. Assumes an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 position.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.5.2	Work with USBP to minimize road dragging that is currently occurring in Sonoran pronghorn habitat	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated to involve at least five resource agency staff (assuming GS-11 level) for a least three days per year to coordinate.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.5.5	Document number/miles of new drag roads and undesignated vehicle routes and trails created	Not Started			Others	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate based on a recent project led by OPCNM to document the extent of UVR's. Each land area would likely be assessed separately. This activity would likely be conducted once during the recovery period.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.5.6.2	Work with La Herradura mine and provide technical assistance to minimize and mitigate the effects of the mine on Sonoran pronghorn habitat.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.1	Monitor number of miles of barriers	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Mexico Conservation Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Position. Minimum of one biologist needed at least three days per year to monitor the number of miles of barriers in pronghorn habitat.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.2	Identify potential travel ways across existing barriers and other impediments to Sonoran pronghorn movement	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Contract modeling using telemetry data to a University or AZGFD. Should only need to be done once.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.3.1	Remove or modify existing barriers and impediments to allow for Sonoran pronghorn passage (e.g. remove/modify fences, railroad tracks, roads, install overpasses) in the U.S.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Department of Transportation, Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost will vary according to the scope of the proposed project. Others projects are currently proposed. 8/22/2022: With the help of volunteers from the Arizona Antelope Foundation, BLM started taking down barbed wire fence south of I8 in Vekol Valley, Sonoran Desert National Monument starting around January 2019.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.3.2	Remove or modify existing barriers and impediments to allow for Sonoran pronghorn passage (e.g. remove/modify fences, railroad tracks, roads, install overpasses) in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes, All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost will vary according to the scope of the proposed project. others projects are currently proposed.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.4	Monitor (document) number or miles of barriers eliminated or modified to allow safe passage by pronghorn	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Will likely be assessed at least once every ten years. May require one biologist at least 10 days to complete
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.5.1	Protect existing Sonoran pronghorn habitat corridors used frequently for movement between seasonal habitat use areas in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Department of Transportation, Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; part of personnel days estimated in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.6.1.5.2	Protect existing Sonoran pronghorn habitat corridors used frequently for movement between seasonal habitat use areas in Mexico	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.7.1.1	Evaluate the effectiveness of existing forage enhancement plots	Ongoing Current			Others	Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Actual cost of an ongoing project coordinated by the AZGFD.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.7.1.2	Maintain existing forage plots, including irrigation	Ongoing Current			Others	Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimated from ongoing work
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.7.1.3	Evaluate the need for additional forage enhancement plots	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	2.7.1.4	Develop additional plots	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	unlikely that any additional FEPs will be proposed.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.1.1	Complete study of effects of human disturbance on Sonoran pronghorn	Complete	FY 2013	FY 2017	Others	University of Arizona, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Will be completed by Feb, 2017.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.1.2	Monitor an index of border-related human disturbance	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included above in 3.1.1.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.3.1	Continue to work with the military partners in the U.S. (Luke AFB, MCAS, ARNG, YPG) to minimize the impact of military activities on Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.4.1	Continue to work with land management agencies in the U.S. to minimize the impact of their activities on Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.5.2.1	Work with mining authorities to minimize and mitigate human disturbance in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	3.5.2.2	Work with mining authorities to minimize and mitigate human disturbance in Mexico	Not Started			Others	Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimate provided by CEDES
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.2.2.1	Monitor using other methods such as hilltop surveys and cameras in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of two biologists needed at least one day per week (=104 GS11 days per year) to do hilltop surveys and maintain cameras.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.2.2.2	Monitor using other methods such as hilltop surveys and cameras in Mexico	Ongoing Current			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of two biologists needed at least one day every three weeks to monitor pronghorn from the ground via telemetry and maintain cameras.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.2.3	Identify sources of Sonoran pronghorn mortality when possible.	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Minimum of four biologists involved on an average of six days per year to locate and investigate pronghorn remains.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.5.1	Monitor effectiveness of predator control when and if implemented in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	US Conservation Unit	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would require a predator monitoring program involving at least two biologists at least two days per week for at least four months per year (64 GS11 days). GS-11 rate.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.5.2	Monitor effectiveness of predator control when and if implemented in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would require a predator monitoring program involving at least two biologists at least two days per week for at least four months per year. Mexican biologist rate.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.6.1.1	Train personnel in Mexico for monitoring Sonoran pronghorn	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates provided by CEDES.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.6.1.2	Provide equipment (e.g. radio collars) to personnel in Mexico	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	$400 for VHF; $2500 for GPS collars. Need approximately 10 collars every five years. 8/24/2022 - The last collaring effort in Sonora (Quitovac MU) was December 16-17, 2021. We have been attempting to export 6 Sonoran pronghorn from the U.S. to the Pinacate MU, Sonora since 2019, but have been prevented from doing so due to poor habitat conditions (2019), COVID (2020), and permitting problems (2021).
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.6.2.1	Train personnel in the U.S. for monitoring Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated the involvement of at least 10 resource and biologist staff for at least 10 days per year, approximately every three years. Staff could vary from GS11 to interns. Actual costs will vary annually depending on training needs.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.6.2.2	Provide equipment (e.g. radio collars) to personnel in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	$400 for VHF; $2500 for GPS collars. Will mostly be using VHF collars from othersw on. Collar associated costs are included in 4.3 above.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	4.6.4	Identify additional Sonoran pronghorn monitoring needs	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Discussed quarterly at Recovery Team Meetings. Recovery Team Meetings average 25 agency staff at a GS-11 rate
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	5.1	Research the extent of disease within Sonoran pronghorn populations	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Three year study estimated at $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	5.2	Continue to research the impact of human disturbance on Sonoran pronghorn populations.	Not Started			Others	University of Arizona, Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs of a followup study would be similar to those of the current ongoing study.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	5.4	Research and evaluate genetic diversity, gene flow, and potential founder effects of Sonoran pronghorn wild populations yearly	Not Started			Others	U.S. Geological Survey, University of Arizona	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Annual cost estimate of $25,000.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	5.5	Continue conducting periodic evaluation of genetic diversity of captive Sonoran pronghorn populations	Not Started			Others	U.S. Geological Survey, University of Arizona	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated cost approximately $20,000 every four years. ($100 per sample * 50 per population* 4 populations)
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	6.1	Continue the work of the Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs calculated above in 4.6.4
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	6.11	Work to improve and maintain partnerships with ranchers in Mexico to conserve Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Not Current			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of two biologists needed at least 10 days per year to coordinate this action. 8/24/2022 - Carlos Alcala Galvan was able to get funding to pay local ranchers to help build the holding pen on the Pinacate (La Churea area) in 2019.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	7.3	Secure and manage mitigation and compensation funding in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included in 2.3.2.2 above.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	2	7.4	Secure and manage mitigation and compensation funding in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs partially covered above in 3.5.2 and 3.6.2 above. At least an additional five staff days per year may be required to implement this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.1.1	Transfer animals among Sonoran pronghorn populations to maintain genetic diversity within each population as needed based on ongoing genetic evaluation (see research section 5).	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Ongoing; costs include vet costs, helicopters or ground transfer; collars. This action may only be needed every 5 - 10 years starting in 2019. 8/18/2022 - Genetic evaluation is not current so animals are not being transferred based on genetic information.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.2.2	Vaccinate against other diseases that threaten Sonoran pronghorn if vaccination is available.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	8/22/2022 - Vaccinating all pronghorn handled in the captive breeding pens each year for rabies, tetanus, and Clostridium perfringens types C and D (AZGFD veterinarian Anne Justice-Allen).
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.3.2	Increase and maintain community vigilance programs in Mexico (an existing Federal program in Mexico).	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed to increase community vigilance at least one day per month.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.3.5	Increase enforcement of existing wildlife protection laws	Not Started			Others	Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1000 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Patrol Officers. Minimum of two officers needed to increase enforcement of existing wildlife protection laws during the fall and winter months at least 2 days per month.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.3.6	Monitor reductions in poaching.	Not Started			Others	Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1000 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Patrol Officers. Minimum of one officer needed to monitor reduction in poaching during the fall and winter months at least 1 day per month.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.5.1	Work with irrigation districts (i.e., those entities that manage canals) to develop possible solutions to prevent drowning in canals	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Work with districts. Does not occur any more than necessary, perhaps twice per year involving at least one staff biologist.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.5.2	Fence or modify canals (provide escape structures, or provide food and water next to canals) to prevent Sonoran pronghorn from entering and drowning in canals	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Includes staff time to write grants to get projects funded. Estimating 5 total projects needed @ an average of $10.000 per project. Fencing projects occur once, but food and water would be provided as needed.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.5.3	Set criteria and conditions for response if pronghorn are approaching canals	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Handled on a case by case basis. May occur at least three times per year involving at least two staff biologists.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.5.4	Monitor annual canal-related incidents (e.g. drowning, injury)	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Handled on a case by case basis. May occur at least three times per year involving at least two staff biologists.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.1.5.5	Monitor miles/km/m of canals rendered safe by fences or escape ramps	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Handled on a case by case basis. May occur at least three times per year involving at least two staff biologists. Costs included in 1.1.5.4 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.2.2	Evaluate and modify as needed methods of captive breeding, handling, transport, and transplant	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; costs covered in 1.2.1
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.2.3	Formulate captive and released population structure	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; costs covered in 1.2.1
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.1.1.1	Evaluate legal aspects of reintroduction at each site in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, California Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Mostly completed within the U.S. Prioritization and planning requires at least three days per year and at least four staff. These activities should be completed by 2020 within the U.S.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.1.1.2	Evaluate legal aspects of reintroduction at each site in Mexico.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Sonora Management Units, SecretarÃa de ProtecciÃ³n al Ambiente de Baja California	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate for evaluating and prioritizing site suitability within Mexico would involve a minimum of 12 staff biologists/managers at least 14 days out of a year. Should only need doing once.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.2	Evaluate reintroduction techniques, taking into consideration site specific needs.	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; part of existing positions
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.1	Release Sonoran pronghorn into Kofa and Sauceda subunits of the Arizona Reintroduction MU	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost includes holding pen construction and transport of pronghorn. Pen materials in stock. Pen crew is already employed in other capacities. In-kind support is estimated at about 40 staff people per year, ranging from volunteers to people with $100K salaries. Estimate 4 days per year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.2	Establish additional populations in other sites already evaluated in the Arizona Reintroduction MU	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included in the estimates above for 1.3.3.1 The effort in any one location would take place for at least three years.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.3	Establish additional Sonoran pronghorn populations within unoccupied areas of its historical range in Sonora if the sites are determined to be appropriate for reintroduction	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, Direccion General de la Vida Silvestre	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included in the estimates above for 1.3.3.1 The effort in any one location would take place for at least three years.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.4	Determine by genetic analysis if pronghorn in the historical range of Baja California were A. a. sonoriensis.	Complete		FY 2016	Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, CA Desert Pronghorn Coordination Group	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Already funded and begun by the time of the writing of the Recovery Plan, Second Revision. 8/18/2022 - Analysis of museum specimens indicated pronghorn in Baja California were likely A.a. peninsularis.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.5	If genetically appropriate as determined above, establish Sonoran pronghorn populations in Baja California where appropriate and feasible.	Obsolete			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, Direccion General de la Vida Silvestre, SecretarÃa de ProtecciÃ³n al Ambiente de Baja California	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included in the estimates above for 1.3.3.1 The effort in any one location would take place for at least three years. 8/8/2022 - Per the research conducted in 1.3.3.4, "the historical northern Baja California pronghorn share the most ancestry with contemporary Peninsular pronghorn" (Hahn et al 2020). Thus, populations of Sonoran pronghorn will not be established in Baja California.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.6	Determine by genetic analysis if pronghorn in the historical range of California were A.a. sonoriensis.	Complete		FY 2016	Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, CA Desert Pronghorn Coordination Group	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Already funded. Culver genetic evaluation extended to include all known samples for CA pronghorn. 8/8/2022 - Hahn et al (2020) determined that based on museum specimens, historical pronghorn in southern California share more ancestry with contemporary A. a. americana. However, contemporary A. a. americana may not be well-adapted to the hot, low-elevation deserts of the reintroduction area whereas Sonoran pronghorn would be.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	1.3.3.7	If genetically appropriate as determined above, establish Sonoran pronghorn populations in California where appropriate and feasible.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, CA Desert Pronghorn Coordination Group	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs included in the estimates above for 1.3.3.1 The effort in any one location would take place for at least three years.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.2.1	Conduct surveys through terrestrial and other methods (satellite images), as needed, to refine our understanding of vegetation changes in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Based on $18,000 for veg analysis contract for just the Cabeza Prieta NWR alone. Should be repeated once every five years rangewide.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.2.2	Conduct surveys through terrestrial and other methods (satellite images), as needed, to refine our understanding of vegetation changes in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	Sonora Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Based on $18,000 for veg analysis contract for just the Cabeza Prieta NWR alone. Should be repeated once every five - 10 years rangewide.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.4	Create maps seasonally (coinciding with data collected above) showing results of quality and quantities of habitat.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	AZGFD staff time to create map, estimated @ $500.00. Costs for 2017 doubled to account for greater amount of time needed to create initial map.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.5.1	Complete a vegetation map for Sonoran pronghorn habitat throughout its range in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate extrapolated from kotherswn costs in the U.S. applied to pronghorn range within Sonora.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.5.2	Complete a vegetation map for Sonoran pronghorn habitat throughout its range in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate provided for portions of the CPNWR that remain to be mapped. Adjacent areas within pronghorn range have already been completed. 8/8/2022 - According to Jim Malusa, University of Arizona contractor who completed the BMGR and CPNWR vegetation maps, the BMGR West map was completed in 2015, CPNWR in 2020, and BMGR East in 2022. SODN is still working on ORPI's map.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.6	Assess impacts of unauthorized land use in Sonoran pronghorn habitat	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Each land area would likely be assessed separately. $75K estimated for each
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.7	Install weather stations within Sonoran pronghorn habitat (to measure temp, precipitation, dew point, RH, etc.)	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, Sonora Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Approximately $2,500.00 per station. 8/18/2022 - Weather stations on CPNWR are not all functional
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.1.8	Update the information on land ownership of Sonoran Pronghorn habitat in Mexico	Not Started			Others	Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, Sonora Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	5 coastal municipalities
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.2.4.1	Identify areas where restoration is needed	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered in 2.1.6 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.2.4.2.1	Restore and protect potential Sonoran pronghorn habitat that is highly degraded in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.2.4.2.2	Restore and protect potential Sonoran pronghorn habitat that is highly degraded in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	Sonora Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.2.6	Ask existing UMAs to incorporate pronghorn in their list of protected and managed animals.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Should only be needed once. Minimum of one biologist needed for this. May require some follow.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.4.1	Work cooperatively with the landowners of the Natural Protected Areas (Areas Naturales Protegidas) and UMAs to adapt land management to benefit pronghorn.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed to work with landowners at least two days per month.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.4.2	Promote productive alternative low impact activities that benefit wildlife on ranches (wildlife management, ecotourism, etc.)	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered in 2.4.1 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.4.3	Establish programs to organize and coordinate agricultural and livestock activities in or around important pronghorn habitat.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per month for at least three years to establish programs beneficial to pronghorn.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.1.1.1	Coordinate with appropriate agencies to examine the need to reduce livestock numbers	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Bureau Land Management , SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per month for at least one year for this action. 8/18/2022 - Consultation with BLM via Ecological Services but not started in Mexico
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.1.2.1	Track changes in the number of cattle in the U.S.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Bureau Land Management	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Position. Minimum of one biologist needed at least three days per year for at least 10 years to compile livestock numbers from allotments in pronghorn range.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.1.2.2	Track changes in the number of cattle in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed at least ten days per year to compile livestock numbers on ejidos.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.2.2	Involve SAGARPA, SAGARHPA, and other agencies in improving management of areas for the Sonoran pronghorn	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Minimum of two, one day meetings per year to coordinate this action. Assumes an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.2.4.1	Establish utilization monitoring protocol, including utilization thresholds, which if exceeded would trigger the need for reducing or removing livestock to maintain adequate forage and habitat for pronghorn in Mexico	Not Started			Others	SecretarÃa de Agricultura, GanaderÃa, Recursos HidrÃ¡ulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	May require substantial staff time to develop initially (at least 30 days). Assumes an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Assumes rate of $850 per month ($39 per day) for techs. 2 techs 10 days per year to monitor.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.2.4.2	Establish utilization monitoring protocol, including utilization thresholds, which if exceeded would trigger the need for reducing or removing livestock to maintain adequate forage and habitat for pronghorn in the U.S.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Bureau Land Management	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs are for adapting utilization monitoring plan and for collecting any additional data that is solely for Sonoran pronghorn habitat. Costs calculated for GS11 5 days to develop measures and two GS7 techs 5 extra days (each) annually on top of regular allotment management monitoring. GS7 calculated at $181 (salary + benefits) per day; GS11 at $314 per day.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.1.1	Identify distribution of invasive, non-native plant species that occur within Sonoran pronghorn habitat and assess the need to control them in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated to require at least 60 staff days per year (assumes a field crew of at least two) to complete annually in priority areas throughout pronghorn range.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.1.2	Identify distribution of invasive, non-native plant species that occur within Sonoran pronghorn habitat and assess the need to control them in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated to require at least 20 staff days per year (assumes a field crew of at least two) to complete annually in priority areas throughout pronghorn range.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.2.1	Control invasive, non-native plants if they are determined to be detrimental to Sonoran pronghorn habitat and if the benefit of controlling the species outweighs the potential risks to pronghorn in the U.S.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Depends on control technique and extent of infestation. At least $10,000.00 per year once control progams have been implemented
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.2.2	Control invasive, non-native plants if they are determined to be detrimental to Sonoran pronghorn habitat and if the benefit of controlling the species outweighs the potential risks to pronghorn in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Depends on control technique and extent of infestation. At least $5,000.00 per year once control progams have been implemented.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.3.1	Ensure herbicide use within Sonoran pronghorn habitat does not negatively affect Sonoran pronghorn or habitat in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	One annual meeting per year required per proposed control project involving at least four participants.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.3.2.3.2	Ensure herbicide use within Sonoran pronghorn habitat does not negatively affect Sonoran pronghorn or habitat in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	One annual meeting per year required per proposed control project involving at least four participants.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.4.1	Avoid and minimize noise and lights associated with projects, actions, and/or activities within Sonoran pronghorn habitat in the U.S.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	ongoing; part of personnel days estimated in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.4.2	Avoid and minimize noise and lights associated with projects, actions, and/or activities within Sonoran pronghorn habitat in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Will require coordination meetings. Anticipate at least two staff at least three times per year to propose mitigation measures for proposed activities in pronghorn range.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.5.3	Work with USBP to identify and implement alternative methods of cross-border violator detection that are less destructive than road dragging to Sonoran pronghorn habitat	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated costs covered in 2.5.5.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.5.6	Monitor extent of erosion and changes in hydrologic patterns resulting from new roads and routes.	Not Started			Others	Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would likely be done regardless of pronghorn ESA status.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.6.1	Assess the effects of La Herradura mine on Sonoran pronghorn habitat quality (contamination, fugitive dust, othersise, lights, off-road vehicle use, etc.)	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	CEDES, periodic technical assistance.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.6.3.1	Identify and work with other mines that impact Sonoran pronghorn habitat in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Will vary depending on the size, duration and number of proposed mines. Mitigation measures for pronghorn will require staff time (at least four staff for at least two days per year) per mine.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.6.3.2	Identify and work with other mines that impact Sonoran pronghorn habitat in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	(Analysis of MIA?s, EPJ and Resolutions)
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.7.1.1	Identify where agriculture impacts Sonoran pronghorn habitat quality (once every 5 years) in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Will require use aerial imagery to track new agricultural areas. Would be a new project. Would be adjacent to BLM lands and BMGR.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.7.1.2	Identify where agriculture impacts Sonoran pronghorn habitat quality (once every 5 years) in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Same estimated cost as for U.S.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.7.2.1	Work with agricultural representatives to minimize and mitigate the effects of agriculture on Sonoran pronghorn habitat in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Game and Fish Department, California Department of Fish and Wildlife	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of two biologists needed at least five days per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.7.2.2	Work with agricultural representatives to minimize and mitigate the effects of agriculture on Sonoran pronghorn habitat in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per month to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.5.8	Establish Best Management Practices for U.S. projects on BLM land, to minimize habitat loss.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	based on best management practices and standard operating proceedures outlined in the 2012 lower Sonoran RMP and 2010 Yuma RMP. There were incorporated into most recent BLM SP BO.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.6.3.1.2	Work with mine companies in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.5.6.3 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.6.3.4	Establish Best Management Practices for U.S. projects on BLM land, to minimize habitat fragmentation.	Not Started				Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would be coordinated with 2.5.8 above to reduce costs associated with additional meetings.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.7.2.1	Evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental feeding of Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimate based on 2.7.1.1 which is similar in scope
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.7.3.1	Convert current agriculture to alfalfa for Sonoran pronghorn forage	Not Started			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Likely a small scale effort of otherst more than 5 - 10 acre plots in six locations. Estimate based on the cost of annual irrigation at the FEPs
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.8.1.1	Assess availability, amount of, and accessibility to current and potential future Sonoran pronghorn waters in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	AZGFD and CPNWR do this on an ongoing basis
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.8.1.2	Assess availability, amount of, and accessibility to current and potential future Sonoran pronghorn waters in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Pinacate staff are currently monitoring waters for pronghorn
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.8.2.1	Map and monitor existing water sites available to Sonoran pronghorn or that could be available with some modification in the U.S.	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	mapping is done. Monitoring is covered in 2.8.1.1.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	2.8.2.2	Map and monitor existing water sites available to Sonoran pronghorn or that could be available with some modification in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Complete for Pinacate, incomplete for Quitovac. Cost estimate provided to complete for Quitovac.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.2.1	Work with OHV groups to inform them about Sonoran pronghorn and ways to minimize disturbance to the species	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.2.2	Evaluate impacts of off-road races near Puerto Penasco (Rocky Point), Sonora and develop measures to minimize their impact on Sonoran pronghorn.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs estimated from costs provided by CEDES below in 3.6.2 for a similar action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.2.3	Work with other recreational users, as needed, to inform them about Sonoran pronghorn and ways to minimize disturbance to the species	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.2.4	Evaluate recreational activity within Pinacate Bioreserve and close areas as necessary to protect Sonoran pronghorn during fawning season or other periods of vulnerability (e.g., dry years).	Not Started			Others	Others, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of one biologist needed two days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.2.5	Close select roads and trails to public use during times of the year when Sonoran pronghorn are under stress.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.3.2	Update MOU between military and FWS-CPNWR, as needed	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Department of Defense , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of two biologists needed at least 10 days per year, once every 10 years to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.5.1.1	Identify sources of disturbance to Sonoran pronghorn from mining activities in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of two biologists needed at least 10 days per year, once every three years to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.5.1.2	Identify sources of disturbance to Sonoran pronghorn from mining activities in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimate provided by CEDES
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.6.1.1	Identify sources of disturbance to Sonoran pronghorn from agricultural activities in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Bureau Land Management , Barry M. Goldwater Executive Council, Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Landscape level analysis. Cost estimates based on an average wage of $314 per day (salary and benefits) for a GS-11 Biologist. Minimum of four biologists needed at least one day per year annually to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.6.1.2	Identify sources of disturbance to Sonoran pronghorn from agricultural activities in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates based on an average wage of $1700 per month (salary and benefits) for Mexican Biologists. Minimum of two biologists needed at least two days per year to coordinate this action.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.6.2.1	Work with authorities regulating other activities to minimize and mitigate human disturbance in the U.S.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Arizona Management Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates included in 2.3.2.2 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	3.6.2.2	Work with authorities regulating other activities to minimize and mitigate human disturbance in Mexico	Not Started			Others	All Mexico Conservation Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimate provided by CEDES
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.4	Evaluate the need to capture and mark (e.g., ear tags, collars) wild Sonoran pronghorn and implement as needed	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	evaluation is ongoing; marking is done about every three years in U.S. In Mexico less frequent. Wild captures cost approximately $10,000 per event.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.6.1.3	Establish a biological station in or near Quitovac MU	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost estimates provided by CEDES.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.6.1.4	Ensure adequate number of personnel are available to monitor Sonoran pronghorn in Mexico	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.6.2.3	Ensure adequate number of personnel are available to monitor Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	In the absense of positions dedicated solely to pronghorn monitoring, this action would be absorbed by existing positions with time allocations accordingly. 8/24/2022 - We could use 2 additional full-time positions (with FWS or a contractor) implementing Sonoran pronghorn recovery actions and are attempting to get funding for these positions. Due to hiring restrictions at AZGFD, AZGFD can no longer consistently hire new employees to implement recovery actions despite available funding.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.6.3.1	Provide periodic (monthly or as needed) Sonoran pronghorn status updates	Ongoing Current			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Approximately two days per month at the GS-11 rate to produce and distribute the Sonoran Pronghorn Update.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	4.6.3.2	Notify appropriate agencies and personnel of Sonoran pronghorn fatalities	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Approximately two days per year at the GS-11 rate to prepare and distribute otherstices of pronghorn mortalities.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.10	Investigate interactions and competition between deer and Sonoran pronghorn	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.11.1	Research Sonoran pronghorn fawn recruitment as it relates to the relationship between burned areas and predation	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.11.2	Evaluate effects of fire on forage availability and vegetation structure.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Additional cost tiered off of 5.11.1 above
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.11.3	Monitor the area of Sonoran pronghorn habitat with fire frequencies outside the natural range of variation.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Could be tiered off of existing vegetative community monitoring conducted by agency personnel within BMGR, CPNWR and OPCNM but at additional cost as estimated at left
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.14	Investigate the effects of helicopters on Sonoran pronghorn.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.15	Describe demography and reproductive biology of Sonoran pronghorn in Sonora.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.16	Determine extent of Sonoran pronghorn distribution in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	Arizona Game and Fish Department, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.17	Revise PVA in ten years, or earlier if determined necessary due to new information.	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated cost of the PVA and agency staff participants is approximately $30,000 per event.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.18	Coordinate among individuals conducting field work within Sonoran pronghorn management units	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	costs covered in with other coordination
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.19	Centrally manage Sonoran pronghorn data.	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated cost of $100,000 to develop and organize data into a central database. Estimated $5,000 to manage the database annually after it is developed.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.3	Investigate ways to optimize Sonoran pronghorn survey techniques	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, Arizona Game and Fish Department	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.6	Determine if Baja and California reintroduction sites should have Sonoran pronghorn or peninsular pronghorn through genetic analysis of museum specimens	Complete		FY 2016	Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, SecretarÃa de ProtecciÃ³n al Ambiente de Baja California, CA Desert Pronghorn Coordination Group	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Staff and lab costs estimated at $4,000. 8/24/2022 - Analysis of museum specimens indicated historical pronghorn in Baja California share more ancestry with contemporary A. a. peninsularis, but historical pronghorn in southern California share more ancestry with contemporary A. a. americana. However, contemporary A. a. americana may not be well-adapted to the hot, low-elevation deserts of the reintroduction area whereas Sonoran pronghorn would be (Hahn et al 2020).
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.9.1	Determine if cattle grazing is affecting Sonoran pronghorn forage species composition or abundance in Mexico	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study by full-time two biologists and expenses for transportation and materials.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	5.9.2	Determine if cattle grazing is affecting Sonoran pronghorn forage species composition or abundance in the U.S.	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Estimated three year study at approximately $360,000.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.12	Develop, maintain, and disseminate a directory of specialists and working groups that conduct studies or implement actions for the management, recovery, conservation, and protection of the Sonoran pronghorn at the regional, national, and international level	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	One GS-11 staff day per year required to update and distribute annually
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.13	Ensure sufficient personnel and resources (e.g., vehicles) are trained and available to adequately monitor, manage, and protect Sonoran pronghorn in Mexico.	Not Started			Others	La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	An evaluation of the current and needed levels of personnel should be conducted. Costs partially covered above in 4.6.1.4. Additional five days per year of at least two staff (one from CEDES and one from CONANP) required annually for follow through.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.4	Expand partnerships with interested groups to implement Sonoran Pronghorn recovery	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Two staff attending partner meetings once per year. GS-11 standard salary.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.5	Increase public support for the Sonoran pronghorn recovery program	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Recovery staff involvement in public seminars and symposia, 6 days per year estimated.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.6	Promote active social participation in the protection of Sonoran pronghorn and habitat in Mexico	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Mexico biologist staff involvement in education and outreach to the public. At least five days per year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.7	Increase and maintain community vigilance programs in Mexico (existing Federal program in Mexico)	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered above in 6.4
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.8	Engage universities and other interested parties (e.g. zoos) in research of Sonoran pronghorn	Ongoing Not Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	annually coordinate with science group.GS-11 standard salary. Minimum of five staff days per year.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	6.9	Conduct education and outreach to promote Sonoran pronghorn recovery	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Recovery staff involvement in education and outreach to the public. At least five days per year. GS-11 salary standard.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	7.5	Manage the environmental impact mitigation fund in Mexico to ensure that funds are applied specifically to Sonoran pronghorn conservation	Not Started			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team, La Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would require state and national agency staff participation to implement and manage. Estimate at least $2,500 per year in staff involvement to implement this action
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	7.6	Secure funding from other funding sources (e.g., nongovernmental organizations, international funds)	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Occasional, not anticipated every year. Estimate two GS-11 staff working with an NGO to coordinate at least three days per year, at least every three years.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.1	Conduct monitoring of Sonoran pronghorn populations, habitat, and threats.	Ongoing Not Current			Others	Arizona Management Units, All Mexico Conservation Units, All Conservation Management Units	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs covered in monitoring actions above. Specifically, 2.1, 2.3, 4.2 and 4.5 8/24/2022 - Monitoring of population abundance is current but monitoring of habitat and threats is not current.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.2.1	Compile (FWS) and discuss Sonoran pronghorn recovery accomplishments and updates (via email, conference call, or meeting) with the Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team at least two times per year	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Costs in recovery team meeting calculations above in 4.6.4
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.2.2	Exchange information annually and hold meetings as necessary, or at least every two years, between agencies and universities in Mexico and the U.S to discuss progress in implementing Sonoran pronghorn recovery in the U.S. and Mexico	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	At recovery team meetings (costs calculated above). Also at Sonoran Desert symposium every two years however this meeting would occur regardless of the Sonoran pronghorn's listed status.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.2.3	Report regularly on Sonoran pronghorn status (see 4.6.3.1 above)	Ongoing Current			Others	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Cost covered above in 4.6.3.1 and 8.1.2.2.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.3	Revise recovery actions and tasks using monitoring results	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	This only include costs of revising the recovery actions every 5 years with the recovery team, it does otherst include the cost of implementing revised actions. Anticipate at least a one day meeting with at least 25 participants every five years for recovery action revision.
Sonoran pronghorn Recovery Plan, 2nd Revision	RF(2)	2	Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (520) 387-6483	Sonoran pronghorn	Antilocapra americana sonoriensis	3	8.1.4	Revise recovery criteria, if warranted, following new PVA or if other new information becomes available that suggests the recovery criteria in the document are not sufficient for recovering Sonoran pronghorn (revise in ten years; or earlier if determined necessary).	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Team	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Would be coordinated with 8.1.3 above to reduce costs associated with additional meetings.