Report Results

Recovery Plan Ad Hoc Report results

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Document ID=600127

Plan Title	Plan Stage	Plan Lead Region (FWS)	Plan Lead Office (FWS)	Species Common Name	Species Scientific Name	Action Priority	Action Number	Action Description	Action Status	Estimated Initiation Date	Estimated Completion Date	Action Lead Agencies	Responsible Parties	Work Types	Labor Types	Comments
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	11	Manage existing biological preserves	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, City of Chattahoochee, FL	Management: General	Internal Field Assistance	Management plans have been developed and implemented by TSP, TSP, the Corps, and several private landowners including the Torreya Keepers. Management includes constructing enclosures to prevent damage from deer, restoring adjacent uplands, preventing erosion in the sandhill and slope forests, and exotic species control. The Corps has no written management plan and we do not have information for the TNC population. As part of a larger, long term project related to documenting the natural range of T. taxifolia, field work for this project was conducted at Torreya State Park located in Liberty County, FL. A small portion of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) was also surveyed in order to access a ravine that ran across TNC and park property. The larger project through a partnership including: Atlanta Botanical Gardens, Florida State Parks, TNC, the University of Florida, the US Corp of Engineers, and various private land owners. This partnership as resulted in documented T. taxifolia along the eastern drainages of the Apalachicola River from Bristol, FL to Chatahoochee, FL in Liberty and Gadsden Counties
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	111	Protect habitat from activities within preserves	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, City of Chattahoochee, FL	Management: General	Internal Field Assistance
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	112	Protect habitat from activities outside preserves	Ongoing Not Current	FY 2000 - FY 2004		Other	The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, City of Chattahoochee, FL	Management: Other	Internal Field Assistance	Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) and TNC have provided management receomendations to the City of Chatahoochee and also have conducted some invasive species plant contol on City owned land Management is an ongoing action conducted by TNC, Torreya State Park (TSP), and the Corps. Ms. Pamela Anderson (volunteer) has mulched plants at the Gregory House (TSP). She is monitoring 400+ trees and has gone back several times to each plant collecting data related to stem length and width. According to her results, she has noticed an apparent decline since 2000. Management plans have been developed and implemented by TSP. Management includes constructing enclosures to prevent damage from deer, restoring adjacent uplands, preventing erosion in the sandhill and slope forests, and exotic species control. The Corps has no written management plan and we do not have information for the TNC population.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	12	Determine protection strategies for habitat outside preserves	Ongoing Current			Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: General	Volunteer, Internal Technical Assistance	2019-2020. The Torreya Keepers received funding in 2019 and 2020 from Section 6 and FEMA, respectively, to 1) seek out property owners within the predicted range of the species; 2) survey for Florida torreya trees once landowner permission has been obtained; 3) collect genetic material for analysis and propagation; 4) set up and monitor seed trials on private lands; 5) utilize and advise on best management practices, and 6) work with conservation partners to monitor trees and provide educational opportunities for students and volunteers. The TK intend to use some areas on their private lands as experimental plots to study different environmental perimeters on growth and survival. They have fenced several trees to prevent deer rubbing and damage from falling limbs and trunks of other tree species. Mr. Bill Boothe (FL private landowner) has a property with Torreya and has identified GPS locations for over 100 trees. His observations included other nearby properties comprised of about 40-50 trees of 6-15 feet tall. He would like to use private lands as experimental plots ¿ opening up the canopy, using smoke for pest control to limit die off. In general, Ms Anderson and Mr. Boothe are going to try to fence the trees to prevent against deer rubbing, and will continue to record measurements for the trees. They are willing to form the Torreya Conservation Commission at Crooked Creek, FL (see section IV, action 6).
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	121	Implement protection measures	Ongoing Current	FY 2011	FY 2012	Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, Individuals/Landowners	Management: Population Monitoring	Species Expert	Installation of protective deer fencing around 50 of the remaining Torreya trees in the wild (bringing the total number caged trees to 100 or > 10% of the trees thought to be existing in the wild) was conducted by the Atlanta Botanical Garden and Florida Park Service. A Cooperative Agreement was being implemented to address this action. 2015 Florida State Parks: ~25% of the known Torreya trees at the park are caged to prevent deer rub. Will recheck caged trees and a representative sample of uncaged trees to assess tree condition yearly.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	21	Identify pathogen(s) responsible for the decline	Ongoing Current	FY 2009		Other	Universities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division o Plant Industry, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Research	Species Expert, Contract	This is an ongoing action that goes back to 1967. 2020: An ongoing project at ABG is focused on determining whether the fungal pathogen (see 2011, 2013 Smith & collaborators findings) has infected outplanted material at Vogel State Park and Smithgall Woods State Park, GA and if it has moved into surrounding trees. A preliminary inspection of trees at Vogel State Park revealed fungal cankers on outplanted T. taxifolia material, and fungal infections on surrounding Tsuga caroliniana and Carya sp. Fungal material from these trees has yet to be sequenced to determine if the species infecting these trees is Fusarium torreyae. 2019: Kumarihamy et al. (2019) investigated endophytic fungi isolated from a diseased leaf of cultivated T. taxifolia; compounds isolated showed potent in vitro activity against P. falciparum D6 and W2 strains (protozoan parasite that causes malaria). 2013: A systematic survey (soil-borne pathogen survey of roots, soil and plant litter associated with T. taxifolia) was conducted from three sites at TSP, Florida, and one site in Decatur, Georgia. About 102 fungi were isolated: 27 isolates (26%) were from TSP and 75 (74%) from Georgia. All T. taxifolia trees sampled showed moderate to severe levels of decline; 48 % had root necrosis and stem cankers. Composition of fungal community included plant pathogens, lignin and cellulose decomposers, endophytes and saprophytes. 2011, 2013: Smith et al. (2011) conducted an above-ground plant pathogen study. They isolated numerous fungi from cankers and consistently found Fusarium torreyae (Aoki et al. 2013), as possible etiological agent. According to the studies, when Torreya plants were inoculated with F. torreyae, it leads to canker development, lesions, and mortality. Dr. Smith’s lab identified F. circinatum in a canker on one of the lower branches of a permanently planted individual at the Bok Tower Garden (Bok Garden; P. Lynch, Bok Garden, 6/03/2020, pers. comm.).
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	331	Establish program to obtain cuttings	Ongoing Current			Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: Propagation, Management: Population Monitoring	Species Expert	In September 2016, Atlanta Botanical Gardens hired a part time conservation horticulture assistant to assist with completing an updated inventory of the ex situ tree collection, propagate ex situ accessions and prepare material for exchange. Additionally in October 2016, ABG staff visited ex situ collections of Torreya taxifolia that were established by the Georgia Plant Conservation Alliance at the University of Georgia, Georgia Mountain Research and Education Center in Blairsville, GA (http://gmrec.uga.edu/). A portion of the seeds collected were established in a safeguarding bed at Atlanta Botanical Garden. A portion of the seeds were sent to three conservation partners so that they could also establish safeguarding beds for Torreya taxifolia. The ultimate goal would be for all participating institutions to curate well documented ex situ collections of trees as assurance populations and seed sources for restoring trees in to protected natural habitats 2015 FL State Park: Expand surveys into TNC property, to increase understanding of current range and collect additional cuttings for safeguarding of the species.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	332	Establish cuttings	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	The ABG is currently safeguarding 584 individual’s ex-situ (ABG 2019); of the total trees, 189 cuttings were collected post HM representing individuals not currently housed in ex-situ; unfortunately, 20 did not survive the first 6 months. As part of the Center for Plant Conservation program, 2,622 stem cuttings were collected from 166 trees at 14 sites in the late 1980s to the early 90s. Rooted cuttings were sent to 10 institutions (including the Bok Tower Garden, Lake Wales, Florida) for safeguarding but this material posed several challenges: could carry unknown pathogens responsible for the decline of this species; and the cuttings were mainly collected from lateral branches and in cultivation they often display plageotropic architecture (they have dominant lateral growth and end up looking like shrubs). The ABG has switched to propagating cuttings made from ¿leaders¿- the rapidly growing apex (top) of a tree. This process forms upright plants of about two-feet tall in about two years. The Bok Tower Garden (BTG) received 97 plants from Arnold Arboretum on 1991. BTG staff actively propagated clones and annually reported growth and mortality data to Mercer Arboretum, Arnold Arboretum and to the Center for Population Biology. At present, BTG has 15 plants located on the Garden grounds as permanent plantings. The ABG has been propagating T. taxifolia in its conservation collection for more than 20 years and has increased the number of trees in its collection to more than 1200 stems. This is the largest ex-situ collection of Florida Torreya outside the natural range of the species (and potentially as large as the remaining wild population). After more than 20 years since the ex situ collections were established at ABG, they have the first reproductive offspring. 2012: The efforts to date have resulted in 67 new cuttings added to the safeguarding collection in cultivation at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. The cuttings are currently being rooted on the mist bench in the greenhouse at the Garden. 2013: 82 new cuttings added to the safeguarding collection in cultivation at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. The cuttings are currently being rooted on the mist bench in the greenhouse at the Garden. Activities during this project period have resulted in propagation of cuttings from wild genotypes for safeguarding and eventual seedling production in cultivation. The Atlanta Botanical Garden conservation nursery in Gainesville, GA now holds 125 Torreya trees that originated from wild material. This material is documented and indexed in the accession records of the Garden. The material serves as a safeguarding population for the wild populations. The greenhouses at the Atlanta Botanical Garden now hold 244 accessioned Torreya taxifolia trees. This material originated from cuttings of wild material it is documented and indexed as part of the ex situ conservation collection. The plants will propagated and grown as safeguarding material.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	1	5	Establish experim. Collections outside native habitat	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Georgia: The ABG and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources outplanted 19 individuals of T. taxifolia at the Smithgall Woods in White County in north Georgia. The purpose of the Smithgall Woods collection and two additional off-site plantings (Blairesville, GA and Vogel State Park) were to establish safeguarding populations of Torreya to conserve material that had been propagated at the ABG in backup collections at more than one location. The material planted at Smithgall Woods was propagated from all Georgia source population material (Army Corps. Of Engineers, site at Woodruff Dam, Lake Seminole, in Georgia). The trees have grown quite large and are now reproductively mature producing male and female cones annually. Most of the plants were placed in full sun and they are quiet healthy. The trees at Vogel State park are smaller than those at Smithgall Woods and have not yet reached reproductive maturity. North Carolina: In 1939 nearly a dozen specimens of T. taxifolia were planted at the Biltmore Gardens; 31 seedlings were planted in 2008 at two locations near Waynesville; and 10 seedlings were planted at Bt. Highlands and Franklin (http://www.torreyaguardians.org/north-carolina.html).
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	22	Experiments in disease management in mature cultivated specimens	Unknown			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	As of this update status of this task is unknown althogh there has been some work conducted in this area.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	221	Conduct tests of culture regimens	Ongoing Current			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Research: Propagation	Species Expert	Conduct integrated scientific tests of the effectiveness of various culture regimes J. Smith and collaborators (2011, 2013) conducted independent fungicides tests for stem canker. In addition, the ABG has an ongoing study to determine whether the pathogen has infected outplanted material, Vogel State Park and Smithgall Woods State Park, and if it has moved into surrounding trees. J. Smith proposes to assess the potential use of mycoviruses to reduce virulence of Fusarium torreyae (J. Smith, UF, 06/26/2019 comm. to Torreya Tree Conservation project) and its applicability to Torreya trees
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	222	Investigate mycorrhizal relations	Complete	FY 2010	FY 2012	Other	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Universities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Acquisition: Easement	Contract	Dr. Melissa McCormick (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center) final report of research into the mycorrhizal associations of Torreya taxifolia within its native range along the Apalachicola River in northern Florida and extreme southern Georgia and in several explants from northern Georgia into North Carolina determined that Torreya forms mycorrhizal associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Nearly all AM fungi identified in this study belonged to the Glomus genus. Many species in this genus are known to have a role in protecting host trees against root pathogens. They found a similar diversity of AM fungi associated with native and explanted trees, suggesting that native populations have sufficient diversity of mycorrhizal fungi available to support healthy tree growth. They found that the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in tree roots (including non-Torreya roots) was higher in garden explants (Atlanta Botanical Garden and Biltmore Gardens) than in native or forest explanted trees. This relationship was likely driven by light available to garden-planted trees to support photosynthetic fixation of carbon, which could then be used to support associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Within each habitat type (garden, forest explant, native), they found that Torreya roots were more heavily colonized by mycorrhizal hyphae than the roots of surrounding trees, suggesting Torreya are strongly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	24	Maintain good sanitation on cultivated trees	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, Individuals/Landowners	Management: Disease Control	Internal Field Assistance	Botantical gardens are implementing this task. However no coordination efforst had been made to determine which gardens are implementing an/or the status of this task. 2015 FL State Park: They are currently looking at 3 treatment groups to compare potential management strategies to improve tree health. All trees are caged. 50% of the trees are wild trees and 50% were outplanted from Atlanta Botanical Gardens: Treatments: 1) Added Mulch, 2) Added Lime, 3) Open canopy to allow eastern light, 4) All
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	3121	Search for seed bearing wild trees	Ongoing Current	FY 2000 - FY 2004		Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: Population Monitoring	Internal Field Assistance	Most of the wild population persists as stump sprouts, so seed-bearing trees are rare. 2010 to present: about 15 plants were observed coning in the wild: three female cone bearing plants at TSP; one female cone bearing tree at Corps’ property; and three male plants on private lands; locations of the other 8 plants are unknown. Several botanical gardens have seed-bearing trees (Atlanta Botanical Garden (ABG), GA; Callaway Garden, GA; Biltmore Gardens, NC). In cultivation, a large proportion (>60) of the Torreya trees in the conservation collection at ABG began producing reproductive cones. Seedlings from these mature plants also became reproductive within 10 years. The Callaway Garden has a partial duplicate set of ABG cutting inventory trees that had produced seeds, however, they are in decline
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	3122	Harvest seed from wild trees	Not Started			Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	The ABG has the largest collection of seed-bearing plants. Seeds have been collected from 15-20 trees and been propagated and shared with conservation or research partners, and ABG holds approximately 70 female trees in conservation collections.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	321	Arrange seed exchange	Ongoing Current			Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	According to R. Determann (Director Conservation, Atlanta Bot Garden), ABG has 500-600 seeds in some years that they propagate and grow in the conservation collection at the garden, and in some cases disseminate to other botanical gardens, to universities for study, use for outreach (display), and long-term storage. The Biltmore Gardens harvested 300 seeds in 2009 and were distributed to interested parties (http://www.torreyaguardians.org/2009-seeds.html).
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	322	Establish seedling production programs	Unknown			Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	The ABG has the largest collection of seed bearing plants. About 60-65 trees have produced seeds that have been propagated, shared with our conservation or research partners. Jerry Pullman (Georgia Institute of Technology) in collaboration with ABG is working on somatic embryogenesis, important for producing disease-freeseedlings/trees.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	3221	Obtain and grow seed at Maclay	Unknown			Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	32211	Assess results	Unknown			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	3222	Initiate other programs	Unknown			Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Task duration: 1-5 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	32221	Enlist institutions	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: Propagation	Internal Field Assistance	Several Botantical gardens have been sucessfully growing this plant including but not limted to, Atlantical Botantical gardesn, Biltmore estate and the Arnold Arboretum sTask duration: 1-5 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	4	Investigate ecological requirement	Not Started			Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	2014: Mola et al. (2014) compared leaf litter flammability of nine species including T. taxifolia from TSP. The authors measured maximum flame height, flame duration, smoldering duration, mass loss, absorptive capacity, and drying rate. Fuel consumption segregated species into two distinct groups, most species had means ranging from 73 to 89% consumption, whereas rare T. taxifolia and Taxus floridana had only 44% and 41% mass loss, respectively. However, these two species had the longest duration flaming and the brief smoldering. Results suggest that extant T. taxifolia contributes little to the litter fuels because it has declined in both abundance and stature; average tree height near only 1 m. Thus, increased fire in the ravines may further imperil these two species and other rare ravine taxa.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	51	Inventory plantings at botanical gardens	Not Started			Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	52	Supplement existing plantings	Unknown			Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Various Botantical gardens may be implementing this task. However,no efort has been made to determine
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	53	Establish new plantings	Unknown			Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Task duration: 1-10 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	6	Place seed in long term storage	Not Started			Other	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	2	7	Reestablish torreya in its native habitat	Ongoing Current	FY 2000 - FY 2004		Other	The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: Reintroduction	Internal Field Assistance	In 2002, the ABG in collaboration with Florida State Park Service reintroduced seedlings propagated from seed produced from the cuttings collected by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University in 1989. The cuttings were obtained from the wild population at TSP. The plants were reintroduced into ravines where T. taxifolia had been extirpated. Sixty seedlings were subjected to four different treatments (fungicide, fertilizer only, fertilizer and lime, and control) for determining the optimum reintroduction techniques for this species. Only 34.5 % survived after one year post planting. No further information is available.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	23	Develop protocol for blight control experiments on seedlings and cuttings	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Arnold Arboretum colletected 2,000 cutting from ofver 166 tress at 14 sites. Atlanta Botantical Gardens has also collected seedlings from Torreya State Park and TNC Bluffs and Ravines Perserve. However, they have not published any protocol.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	25	Water, cut back, and/or transplant trees on dry sites	Unknown			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	3111	Locate seed bearing cultivated trees	Unknown			Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, Individuals/Landowners	Research: Population Surveys	Internal Field Assistance	Seed-bearing trees are rare; most of the wild population persists as stump sprouts. Currently, in wild populations there are six plants producing cones. Several botanical gardens have seed-bearing trees (Atlanta Botanical Garden (ABG), GA; Callaway Garden, GA; Biltmore Gardens, NC). Several botanical gardens have seed-bearing trees (Atlanta Botanical Garden (ABG), GA; Callaway Garden, GA; Biltmore Gardens, NC). After 10 years in cultivation as part of the conservation collection at ABG, a large proportion (>60) of the Torreya trees began producing reproductive cones. Seedlings from these mature plants also became reproductive within 10 years. According to R. Determann (Conservation Director, Atlanta Bot Garden), the Callaway Garden has a partial duplicate set of ABG cutting inventory trees that had produced seeds, however, they are in decline.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	3112	Protect seed from frugivores	Unknown			Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Task duration: 2-10 yrs Most trees do not produce cones in the wild population. In ex situ collections, cones on female seed bearing trees are caged at the Atlanta Bot Garden and at one of the safeguarding locations at Georgia Department of Natural Resources Smithgall Woods/Dukes Creek Conservation Area to protect seeds and facilitate collection for propagation.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	31121	Cover trees	Partially Complete	Prior to FY 1995	Prior to FY 1995	Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Research: Predation	Internal Field Assistance	Task duration: 1-10 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	31122	Experiment with rodent repellants	Not Started			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Task duration: 1-2 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	3113	Harvest cultivated seed	Ongoing Current	FY 2000 - FY 2004		Other	Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Management: Propagation	Internal Field Assistance	Atalanta Botantical gardens has been implementing. Task duration: 2-10 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	32222	Arrange cooperation among individuals	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program, Individuals/Landowners	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Task duration: 1-5 yrs
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	34	Conduct grafting experiments	Not Started			Other	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	The recovery plan suggests grafting [asexual propagation where the tissues (vascular cambium) of one plant are fused with those of another] with T. californica. However, T. californica is exhibiting some issues with cankers caused by pathogens with a different Fusarium species which is killing the cambium.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	41	Study the ecological physiology of torreya	Ongoing Not Current			Other	Universities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Koehn and Doudrick (1999) investigated diurnal patterns of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 fixation. The study indicated that plants recovered from daily periods of high light and temperatures, suggesting that they may tolerate higher light conditions in their native habitat. Tree rings studies somewhat indicated that growth in T. taxifolia is light limited (Schwartz and Herman 1999). Herman and Schwartz (1997) conducted shade and open canopy treatments on TNC Apalachicola Bluffs, TSP, and the Corps property. Mortality was high, and no patterns associated with light were detected when data was pooled across sites.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	42	Evaluate the native habitat	Ongoing Current	FY 2000 - FY 2004		Other	The Nature Conservancy, Universities, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Research: Population Surveys	Internal Field Assistance	In-situ conditions for T. taxifolia and its habitat were dramatically altered by HM in late 2018, thus the ABG efforts shifted from tree monitoring to search and rescue. They were able to uncover 292 trees from fallen debris. As of 2019 more than 650 trees have been georeferenced and baseline data on the individuals recorded across the range. Since 2008, the ABG in collaboration with TSP and University of Florida have conducted an updated survey of habitat conditions and population status with the natural range if T. taxifolia. They have georeferenced and collected information on approximately 150 trees from locations throughout the natural range of T. taxifolia. Future efforts should evaluate the success of habitat management experiments in improving the health of in situ trees. Nov 1, 2010 to Oct 31, 2011: 205 new trees were found. A total of 242 trees were visited, including 41 re-visits of trees that were found and tagged in previous years. Of these trees, 61 were caged to protect them from deer damage. 2012: Of the 292 trees visited, 192 were found and assessed for the first time, 94 were re-visits to trees that had been visited once and 6 were trees that were visited for the third time. The number of trees visited represents a huge proportion, perhaps 20-30%, of the suspected population. These tree visits are important for gathering information regarding the status and health of the population. Average height of trees visited during the grant period was 121.8 cm with a basal diameter of 1.87 cm. Of the trees revisited (plus some data collected outside the grant period) 32.4% showed stem dieback and loss of stem length averaging 52.67 cm. The remaining trees (67.6%) did not lose stems and showed positive growth averaging 12.51 cm per year. Of all the trees visited during the grant period 61.9% showed signs of stem canker, 59.8% showed signs of deer rub. Damage to stems that were rubbed by deer averaged 46.1% of stem circumference. 2013: a total of 380 Torreya trees were surveyed or 60% of the total known documented wild population. The survey work took place primarily at Torreya State Park. Of the 380 trees surveyed, 211 were found and assessed for the first time, 124 were reassessments of trees that had been assessed once before, and 16 were trees that were assessed for a third time, and 30 were included as part of an ecological experiment.
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	43	Describe climate and neighboring vegetation of healthy cultivated trees	Unknown			Other	Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Center for Plant Conservation, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected
Florida Torreya	F	4	Panama City Ecological Services Field Office (352) 448-9151	Florida torreya	Torreya taxifolia	3	44	Study population dynamics	Ongoing Current			Other	Universities, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Endangered Species Program	Work type not yet selected	Labor type not yet selected	Current status surveys conducted between 2008 ¿ 2010 in collaboration between the ABG, TSP, and the University of Florida have documented the health and size of several trees. All of the plants were stem sprouts and none of the plants had reached reproductive maturity. No seeds or seedlings were found. No demographic studies have been done. 2013: ABG documented two seedlings were during, both were observed at the base of the same female tree, but were observed in separate years. The first was observed in the winter of 2011, but the seedling disappeared a few months later. The second was observed in July of 2012 and was fencing to protect it from damage or browse.